The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1335 Words

Year after year The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novel takes place in the south during the year 1845. With his abusive father, and no mother, Huck is left feeling lonely, and as if he has place to call his home. So he decides to leave town, and on in his journey where he encounters a slave he’s familiar with, Jim, who is also running away. This story captures their relationship and growth as they face many obstacles on their way to freedom. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn satirizes people’s greed and violent b ehavior by mocking the stereotype of southern hospitality. Throughout the novel, Mark Twain uses satire to mock southern hospitality. When Huck is staying with the Grangerfords, he learns about the feud they have with another family called the Shepherdsons. No one in either family can remember why or how this feud started, but they continue killing each other nonetheless. When Huck asks the Grangerford’s boy, Buck, how long this has been going on, Buck replies, â€Å" Well I should reckon! It started thirty year ago, orShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the à ¢â‚¬Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opp osed, and those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to say just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the storyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1773 Words   |  8 PagesKnowing about Mark Twain’s work, personal life and family it is clear he is a champion of racial equality. During the most racial times of America he wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a book setting in a 1830s southern American society. Twains delivers the story with all the traditions and customs of an American society. Twain tries to show the wrongness in society, focusing racism and equality. By doing this Mark Twain and his work was both alleged to be racist. The irony is most of the reading

Valley of the Immortals Free Essays

SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Table of Contents: The Jade Tower! 3 The Secret Entrance to the â€Å"Valley of the Immortals†! 5 Mysterious Mountain People! 8 A Lost Oasis of Advanced Spiritual Culture! 11 Eyewitness Reports of Shambhala! 12 Trans-Himalayan Stonehenge! 14 More Strange Phenomena in Tibet ! 16 The Mystery of the Magical Sceptre! 18 The Shambhala Triangle! 21 Journey to the Sacred Kingdom! 22 Subterranean Vaults in the Himalayas! 25 The White Pyramid and The Shambhala Triangle! 28 â€Å"The Tibetan Roswell†! 0 The Crystal Cave of the Nagas! 32 Dead Alien Found Alive!! 35 Russian Scientists View an Ethereal Solar System! 36 The Laboratories of Shambhala! 37 Conclusion! 40 by Tony Bushby  © June 2009 – 2011 Website: http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Valley of the Immortals or any similar topic only for you Order Now vatileaks. com www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS The Jade Tower In Tibetan scriptures and in Far Eastern tradition, there is an ancient and widespread belief in a Secret Kingdom of Wise Men living in seclusion in inaccessible mountainous parts of Asia. Orientalists call this mysterious place Chang Shambhala, or Northern Shambhala (sometimes spelled Shamballa). Tibetan monks insist that there is an enigmatic valley of great beauty, surrounded by a circle of snowy mountains extending from northern Tibet. -into Mongolia, that is inaccessible to travellers without experienced or mystical guidance. It is said in tradition that this hidden land is unreachable except to initiates or persons dedicated to the spiritual resurrection of mankind. Its centre is highlighted by the famous Jade Tower that stands in an ancient city which monks claim is heated by warm water rising from underground streams, and the steam generated rises into the atmosphere to form a natural temperature inversion. This valley is not seen from the air because the phenomenon produces a high, light, misty cover that conceals the underlying landscape. Various exploratory teams journeying in the Himalayas claimed to have camped by hot thermal springs that nourished rich vegetation in areas outside of which there was nothing but desolation, rock and ice. Like the Tibetans, Russians and Chinese,. the people of India also believe in the reality of an abode of perfect men and women which they call the Kalapa (sometimes Katapa) of Shambhala, who live-in the constant presence of otherworldly energies. Professor Nicholas K. Roerich, an eminent Russian author, painter and explorer (1874-1947) spent ? ve years from 1923 to 1928 trekking through all seven Tibetan prefectures. He wrote in his book Himalayas – Abode of Light (N. K; Roerich, Nalanda Publications, Bombay, l947) that this secret valley is beyond great lakes and the snow-covered peaks of the highest mountains in the world. It seems that Professor Roerich actually reached Sharnbhala, and for this reason his www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS ooks and paintings were thoroughly analysed for this article, as were the works of his son, Dr GeorgeRoerich (1902-1960), an outstanding orientalist, philologist, art critic and ethnographer with degrees from Harvard and the Sorbonne. The Roerich family lived in the Kulu Valley of northern India, in close proximity to the border of western Tibet, and from there organised several major expeditions into unexplored areas of the Tibetan Plateau, the highest land on Earth. These expeditions were manned by dozens of Norwegian, Sherpa, Tibetan, Mongol and Chinese assistants, and at times their missions endured for many months. Another renowned researcher, Andrew Tomas, author of Shambhala: Oasis of Light (Sphere Books, London, 1977), spent many years in Tibet, where he learned that the realm of Shambhala is situated in a valley sheltered on every side by mighty snowy ranges and that its residents retreat into huge subterranean catacombs. These and other explorers of Asia have written about unsuspected valleys lost amidst colossal snowy mountains on the Tibetan Plateau, said to lie hidden somewhere in the vast reaches of the Himalayas. The Bhagavata Purana and the Sanskrit encyclopaedia Vachaspattya locate Shambhala on the northern side of the Himalayas at the foot of Mount Meru, where many believe that the temporal and the eternal meet. A more de? ned location is shown on a 17th-century map published in 1830 in Antwerp by Csoma de Koros, an Hungarian philologist who had spent four years in a Buddhist monastery in Tibet. He gave Shambhala’s geographical bearings as between 45 and 50 degrees north latitude beyond Lake Manus Hu, approx. 100 kilometres east of the village of Karamay. Remarkably, another old monastic document, sighted by Russian explorer Nikolai M. Prjevalgky (1839-1888), de? nes the longitude of Shambhala as at 88 degrees (N. M. www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Prjevalsky, Mongolia, London, 1876, translated by Boris Fereng, p. 63). These two coordinates locate the domain of Shambhala as slightly east of the Altai Mountains, a major mountain system in Central Asia, peaking at 4,506 metres (14,783 feet), and precisely where the Poerich expeditions trekked on several occasions. The Secret Entrance to the â€Å"Valley of the Immortals† For millennia, the peoples of Asia have believed this forbidden territory to be well guarded, accessible only to the pure of heart. But the questions to be addressed are: who are the people that live in this secluded area†¦ and what is their nature? Tibetan legend insists that this secret place is inhabited by â€Å"Silent Sentinels†oformerly ordinary men and women who received a â€Å"passport† to Shambhala because of their spiritual progression. Andrew Tomas presents impressive evidence from Tibetan sources in ancient monastic libraries that he was privileged to access, and his ? ndings help us learn more about this enlightened colony: The Brotherhood of Shambhala is presided over by a small hierarchy of superior beings sometimes alluded to as Mahatmas, which in Sanskrit means â€Å"the great-souled ones†. They are superhuman beings with preternatural powers who have completed their evolution on this planet but remain with humanity in order to facilitate its spiritual progress †¦ he life- span of their bodies is almost inde? nite because the Wheel of Rebirth has stopped for them. (Andrew Tomas, Shambhala: Oasis of Light, op. cit. , pp. 43-44, passim) In other words, they are Immortal Beings – and from what is known about this galaxy of illumined peoples, the concept of reincarnation is an essential part of their philosophy. Tibetan manuscripts add that â€Å"from time immemorial, a dynasty of wise rulers of celestial origin has ruled the Kingdom of Shambhala and preserved the priceless legacy of Kalachakra, the mystic science of Esoteric www. atileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Buddhism† (Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls, Rome, 1949, vol. 1). After seven years in Tibet and China, German author Hartwig Hausdorf wrote in his book Die weisse Pyramide (â€Å"The White Pyramid†) that the Elders of Shambhala â€Å"are not entirely of this world; they smack more of an Alien Mind.. .a species that the Universal Mind has placed on our Earth† (Hartwig Hausdorf, Die Weisse Pyramide, republished in English by New Paradigm Books, Florida, 1998, pp. 92, 102, passim). Since time immemorial, Tibetans and other Asian races have believed that in their midst lived sages who had liberated themselves from death and wandered the Earth and the Universe at will in a physical body. Ancients called them â€Å"holy immortals† and claimed that they had developed a series of alchemical! â€Å"elixirs of deathlessness†,! i n c l u d i n g powdered jade mixed with cinnabar that they drank to help prepare their bodies for the state of hsien – material immortality in an etherealised body. The now-called Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett were written between 1880 and 1885 by Mallatmas who were said to have actually inhabited Shambhala itself, and thus they represent a ? rst-hand source about the realm from within the closed circle of the Sages of the East themselves. (Alfred Percy Sinnett [1840-19211 was the British editor of the English daily newspaper, the Pioneer, in Allahabad, India, where he lived from 1879 to 1889, and who was privileged to be, admitted into the Himalayan Brotherhood of High Yogis. ) From this correspondence, Sinnett wrote The Occult World (1881) and Esoteric Buddhism (1883), both of which had a major in? ence in generating public interest in Theosophy. The replies and explanations given by the Shambhalan Mahatmas to Sinnett’s questions were embodied in their letters and published in 1923 as The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnett. (The original letters from the Mahatmas are www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS preserved in the British Library and can be viewed by s pecial permission in the Department of Rare Manuscripts. ) The picture of this mysterious kingdom comes further into focus after a study of the writings of the Mahatmas, who were believed to be a class of people with prophetic abilities. In one letter to Sinnett in 1881, the author, the venerable Mahatma Morya, an eastern initiate of Rajput birth, describes the imposing secret entrance into the Valley of the Immortals: At a certain spot not to be mentioned to outsiders, there is a chasm spanned by a frail bridge of woven grasses and with a raging torrent beneath. The bravest member of your Alpine clubs would scarcely dare to venture the passage, for it hangs like a spider’s web and seems to be rotten and impassable. Yet it is not; and he who dares the trail and succeeds†¦ s he will if it is right that he should be permitted.. .comes into a gorge of surpassing beauty of scenery, to one of our places and to some of our people, of which and whom there is no note or minute among European geographers. At a stone’s throw from the old lamasery stands the old Tower within whose bosom have gestated generations! of! B o d h i s a t t v a s [compassionate persons whose essence is perfect knowledge]. (Passport to Shambhala, published by the West Siberia Geographical Society, 1923, Letter 18, p. 1, English translation by Professor Vladimir Andrei Vasiliu, 1933 [includes a complete collection of The Mahatma Letters to A. P. Sinnettj) The dwellers of various villages in Tibet have claimed that none can pass certain areas without a permit: Mahatma Morya added to the intrigue: You have already heard from reliable travellers how guides refuse to lead them in certain directions. They would rather let themselves be killed than lead you forward. So, if a reckless traveller nevertheless goes forward, a mountain landslide begins to rumble before him. If the traveller surmounts this obstacle, then a shower of stones will carry www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS him away, for the unwelcome one shall not attain his destination. (op. cit. , Letter 18, p. 32) People and animals are known to have unnaturally trembled on approaching certain localities in that area, as if bombarded by invisible rays. An unnamed 19th- century Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader of Tibet, â€Å"†¦ at one stage travelled the long journey from Lhasa to Mongolia and at one place on the route people and animals in his caravan began to quiver for no apparent reason. The Dalai Lama explained the phenomena by saying that the party was crossing part of the forbidden zone of Shambhala whose psychic vibration was too high for the travellers† (N. K. Roerich, Heart of Asia, Roerich Museum Press, New York, 1930; also Andrew Tomas, Shambhala, op. cit. , p. 54). The Russian explorer N. M. Prjevalsky and the German linguist and historian A. H. Francke record in their books the strange behaviour of natives who could not be forced under any condition to enter certain districts in northern Tibet (N. M. Prjevalsky, Mongolia, op cit. , p. 01; A. H. Francke, A History of Western Tibet, Partridge and Co. , London, 1907). A Russian member of one of Roerich’s expeditions personally told Andrew Tomas that their group had the same experience in the depths of Asia, where, for no apparent reason, assistants in the expedition refused to proceed further at one spot in northern Tibet. The Russian himself admitted that he could not understand why he did not fe el like riding any further, saying that it was â€Å"weird and inexplicable†, a feeling that he did not wish to experience again (Andrew Tomas, Shambhala, op. it. , p. 58). Mysterious Mountain People In Turfan, Sinkiang, western China, Roerich expedition members listened to an intriguing story of a tall, dark- haired woman wearing an earnest expression on her face who regularly came out of the deep caverns to help the needy, her deeds instilling great respect among the populace throughout the entire Asiatic region. www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS â€Å"Riders vanishing with torches into subterranean passages were also mentioned† (Andrew Tomas, Shambhala, op. cit. , p. 9), as were eyewitness reports of brightly clad, crowned lamas (supposedly from Shambhala) seen seated in palanquins, each carried by four men. Roerich indicates that tall, slim, white-skinned people had been seen disappearing into rock galleries upon the approach of strangers. Later , when his expedition was crossing the Karakoram Pass, Roerich relates that he was informed by a native guide that tall, white-clad men and women had been seen on occasions appearing from secret entrances in that area, and sometimes travellers were helped by these mysterious mountain people. In the early 1900s, the Statesman newspaper in India published a story about a British major who had seen a tall, lightly clad man with long hair leaning on a high bow and scanning the valley. Noticing the major, the man jumped down a vertical slope and disappeared. The natives calmly said to Roerich, â€Å"He had seen one of the snowmen who guard the sacred land† (N. K. Roerich, Heart of Asia, op. cit. ). In one of his paintings, Roerich portrays a Snow Maiden amidst rocks and snow, also holding a bow. In spite of the glaciers and the apparent cold conditions, she is lightly clad as if protected from the cold by a warm aura. Roerich adds: In the foothills of the Himalayas are many caves, and it is said that from these caves subterranean passages proceed for below Kinchinjunga. Some have even seen the stone door which has never been opened because the date has not arrived. The deep passages proceed to the splendid valley. (N. K. Roerich, Himalayas – Abode of Light, op. cit. , cited in Andrew Tomas, Shambhala, op. cit. , p. 39) Professor Roerich’s reference de? nes the â€Å"splendid valley† of the â€Å"Immortals†. Early in his long journey, Roerich came www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS cross pilgrims who told him: â€Å"Behind those mountains live holy men and women who are saving humanity through Wisdom; many have tried to see them but failed †¦ somehow as soon as they go over the ridge, they lose their way† (N. K. Roerich, Heart of Asia, op. cit. ; also Andrew Tomas, Shambhala, p. 59, passim). â€Å"Yet Nicholas Roerich went into that territ ory on a pony. He remained absent for a few days and, when he returned, Asiatics prostrated themselves at his feet, exclaiming that he was a ‘god’, for no man could have penetrated the frontier of Shambhala without divine credential† (Andrew Tomas, Shambhala, op. it. , p. 58). Maybe there was a reason for Roerich’s unrestricted entry into the forbidden enclave, for the Mahatmas assured Sinnett: â€Å"†¦ [those whom we] desire to know will ? nd us at the very frontiers† (Passport to Shambhala, op. cit. , Letter 15, p. 131). Roerich’s remarks to a lama (religious teacher) in Tibet suggest ? rst-hand knowledge of his reaching Shambhala: â€Å"We ourselves have seen a white frontier post of one of the three posts of Shambhala† (N. K. Roerich, Himalayas, op. cit. ). Apart from searching for the home of the Mahatmas, the purpose of one of Roerich’s expeditions across Tibet and Xinjiang to Altai in 1928 is not made entirely clear in his diary, but it appears to have been related to the return of a small section of a sacred Cosmic Stone to its rightful home in the Jade Tower in the centre of Shambhala. â€Å"This fragment was last sent to Europe to aid in the establishment of the League of Nations which, though ending in failure, was so desirable after the First World War† (J. Saint-Hilaire, On Eastern Crossroads, New York, 1930, cited by Andrew Tomas, Shambhala, op. cit. , p. 63). This fragment was said to be part of a much larger Cosmic Stone, and it seems that Roerich was a predestined carrier to return it to Shambhala. www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS A Lost Oasis of Advanced Spiritual Culture The folklore of old Russia also points to the reality of a community of inspired men and women at a place in the heart of Asia, called Belovodye, in Russian-the Land of the Living Gods. In the annual Journal of the Russian Geographical Society for 1903, there is an article titled â€Å"The Journey of Ural Cossacks into the Belovodye Kingdom†, written by an explorer named Koroleko. Likewise, in October 1916 the West Siberia Geographical Society published an account by Belosliudov, a Russian historian, titled â€Å"To the History of Belovodye†. Published as they were by scienti? c bodies, both of these articles are of great interest because they reveal a strong tradition that still circulates among â€Å"old believers† in Russia, one that maintains that Belovodye is a secret earthly paradise existing somewhere in the area of far southwestern Siberia. These two articles lend support to our basic theme of a hidden, sacred kingdom somewhere around the northernmost regions of Tibet, a kingdom of ancient high wisdom. The traditional tale about the extraordinary, reclusive people of an ancient civilisation in this hidden land was relayed by a mysterious native sage to Russian psychiatrist and author Dr Olga Kharitidi during her stay in remote Siberia: Their main achievements had been in developing the inner dimensions of the mind; their entire society possessed a beautiful spiritual intensity that in modern materialist culture is experienced only by a few. They possessed incredible psychological wisdom. They were able to control their personal experience of time, and they had learnt to communicate telepathically over great distances. They had great skills in projecting the future, and their social structure was the most effective that ever existed. (Dr Olga Kharitidi, Entering the Circle, Harper San Francisco, 1996) www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS But one law of the Valley of the Immortals forever remains in force, that being that â€Å"the unwanted shall not reach† it (Road to Shambhala, a rare 18th-century Tibetan book written by the third Panchen Lama or â€Å"Great Scholar† (1738-1780), translation by Cheng Yuan, 1901). Only those who have heard â€Å"Kalagiya, the call to Shambhala sent on the wind† (ibid. or by telepathic communication from the Great Masters can ever hope to arrive safely in the â€Å"Valley of the Wisest People on Earth† (L. C. Hamamoto, The Soul Doctrine, Lhasa, translation by C. Chan, 1916p. 67). Eyewitness Reports of Shambhala During the ? rst century CE, Apollonius, a highly regarded and charismatic Greek sage, received â€Å"the callà ¢â‚¬  and travelled to Shambhala. He had earlier received â€Å"directions† and knew exactly where to ? nd what was then called the ‘Abode of the Sages† (A. P. Sinnett, Esoteric Buddhism, London, 1903 reprint from the 1883 original). Apollonius was born at Tyana in Capt’adocia in the third year of this era and died in 98 CE. He was named after the Greek god Apollo, and the populace fondly called him â€Å"the son of God† (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed. , vol. 10, â€Å"Apollonius†). He taught the doctrine of the â€Å"Inner Life† (ibid. ), went barefoot, wore his hair long, cultivated a beard and clothed himself in white linen garments. On his travels he took an Assyrian scribe called Damis, who documented Apollonius’ sayings and deeds in a daily diary. It was from Damis’ collection of 97 codices that the remarkable stories of Apollonius’ life experiences were preserved. Around 200 CE, Empress Julia Domna, second wife of the British-born Roman Emperor Septimus Severus (emperor from 193 to 211 CE), exhibited such an interest in the momentous events in Apollonius’ life that she commissioned the Greek scribe and sophist, Flavius Philostratus (C. 170 www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS c. 245 CE), to write the biography, which he called The Life of Apollonius of Tyana. From these records, we learn that Apollonius stayed in the Trans-Himalayan country for many months (Philostratus, The Life of Apollonus of Tyana, Loeb Classical Library, London, 1912, eight books in two volumes, translated by F. C. Conybeare; note that the upcoming Apollonius quotes are drawn from Book 3, which is almost entirely devoted to his journey to northern Tibet). Upon Apollonius’ arrival in â€Å"a city under the mountain called Paraca† (ibid. ), he presented a letter to the then king, Hiarchas (larchas in some translations, meaning â€Å"Holy Ruler†), and was surprised to learn that its contents were already known to the king. Apollonius turned to Damis and said, â€Å"We have reached men who are unfeignedly wise, for they seem to have the gift of foreknowledge’ (ibid. ). During his time there, he witnessed incredible things such as wells in the ground projecting vertical beams of brilliant bluish light. He also talked with amazement about what he called pantarbes, or luminous stones, that could be activated to radiate so much light that night could be turned into day at will. The scienti? c and mental achievements of the inhabitants of this lost city impressed Apollonius so much that he only nodded his head when King Hiarchas said to him, â€Å"Ask us whatever you like, for you ? nd yourself among people who know everything† (ibid. ). Apollonius enquired as to who they thought themselves to be, and King Hiarchas replied, â€Å"We consider ourselves to be gods† (ibid. ). Not only did Apollonius see the people of Shambhala utilise the power of the Sun, but†¦. he saw them levitating themselves two cubits [approx. one metre] high from the ground, not for the sake of miraculous display, for they disdain any such ambition; but they regard any rites they perform, in thus quitting earth and walking with the Sun, as acts of homage acceptable to the God. (Philostratus, The Life of Apollonius of Tyana, op. cit. , Book 3) www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Parallel phenomena were reported in the 20th century by renowned orientalist, author and the ? rst western female lama, Madame Alexandra David-NEel (1868-1969), thus supporting the ancient records of Philostratus. She describes Shambhala as a realm â€Å"not moored in time or space as we are; Shambhala is here today and gone tomorrow† (Alexandra David-Neel, Magic and Mystery in Tibet,! Dover Publications, New York, 1971, ? rst published in 1929); Of the inhabitants of Shambha! a Apollonius said they Were living upon the earth and yet not on it and forti? ed without forti? ations and possessing nothing yet having the riches of all men† (Philostratus, The Life of Apollonius of Tyana, op. cit. , Book 3). As for the ideology of the inhabitants King Hiarchas professed a cosmic philosophy according to which the Universe is a living thing† (ibid. ). The Mahatma Letters stresses the fact that they are not atheists or agnostics but pantheis ts in the widest sense of the word, believing that God and the Universe are ultimately identical. Their concept of cosmic evolution is the basis of why the idea of reincarnation is a major part of the philosophy of the Guardians of Mankind. Trans-Himalayan Stonehenge In 1923, and at an altitude of 4,572 metres (15,000 feet) in his Trans-Himalayan journey, Roerich was stunned to see three long straight rows of tall, vertically standing, inscribed stones distinguished from the surrounding environment by their peculiar shape and design. This huge stone complex ended with a large circle of standing stones with three menhirs in its centre. He described the structure as a combination of Stonehenge in England and Carnac in the ancient Celtic world of Brittany, sites that he had visited previously. His caravan was destined to stop overnight near this stone enigma, but he stayed for three www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS days and discovered four additional rows of vertical stone formations in surrounding areas. Amazed by what he was witnessing, Roerkh asked his Tibetan guides, â€Å"Pray tell me, who set these stones? † He was told: â€Å"Nobody knows †¦ but this district from ancient times has been called Doring the place of the sacred standing stones. Our Ancients say that an unknown people passed here a long time ago; they stopped for several generations but it did not become their permanent abode† (N. K. Roerich, Himalayas, op cit. , passim). Roerich marvelled at the fact that travelling through the heights of the Trans- Himalayas he came across â€Å"the embodiments of Stonehenge and Carnac† (ibid. ). This painting by Roerich, titled The Black Gobi, shows a few of hundreds of ancient inscribed vertical standing stones on the barren heights of the Himalayas near the Gobi Desert.  © Nicholas Roerich, 1928; private collection (Note: Beautiful reproductions of many of Roerich’s paintings can be purchased from the Nicholas Roerich Museum, New York; visit http://www. oerich. org. ) www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS More Strange Phenomena in Tibet Peculiar happenings have occurred in this vast territory, and some of those events reveal the presence of superior spiritual beings. Madame Alexandra David-Neel, in her book The Superhuman Life of Gesar of Ling (published by Claude Kendall, New York, translation by Violet Sydney, 1934, ? rst published in 193 1), relates a personal and curious episode that took place in the small town of Jyekundo, located in a desolate district in northeastern Tibet. While there, she met a Tibetan lama who had the reputation of occasionally disappearing into a snowcapped mountain region where no villages existed and where a person could easily starve or quickly freeze to death. Inevitably he would return to civilisation after some time, and in reply to curious questions he would only say that he had been with â€Å"gods in the mountains† (ibid. ). One day, Madame David-Neel half-seriously asked the lama if, on his next trip, he would present a small gift of a bunch of Chinese paper ? owers to â€Å"the Ruler of the Mountains† (ibid. . Some months later, returning from his journey into that mysterious domain, he handed the French savant a souvenir given to him by that very person. It was a beautiful blue ? ower that blooms in southern Tibet in July. David-NEel was stunned, saying that in Jyekundo at that time the temperature was 20 degrees below zero, the river was covered with a layer of ice two metres deep and the ground was frozen solid. â€Å"Where did you get this from? † she asked in amazement. The lama answered, â€Å"Maybe from a warm valley in the north’ (ibid. ). Roerich also recorded a series of extraordinary supernatural happenings, one being the sudden appearance of Rigden Jyope (or Djapo), the Ruler of Shambhala. It is said that when he entered a particular lamaist temple, the candles all suddenly lit themselves. Roerich relayed this story: There was a case of a sudden appearance of an exquisite www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS perfume, as if from temple incense, right in the heart of the Gobi with the stony desert extending for hundreds of kilometres in all directions. Not a single temple of hut was in sight and yet all the members of the expedition experienced the scent in their nostrils at the same time. This had happened on several occasions and there was absolutley nothing to explain it. (Quoted in Andrew Thomas, Shambhala, op. cit. , p. 57) In the dark of numerous nights, Roerich saw vivid ? ashes of vertical pillars of white light streaking into the sky. â€Å"What is happening? † he asked his lama guides. They answered, â€Å"These are the rays from the Tower of Shambhala† (N. K. Roerich, Himalayas, op. cit. , explaining that the beams were purposely directed upwards from a large, triangular-shaped, glowing stoneothe so-called Chintamani Stoneothat sat atop the Jade Tower. They told him it possessed occult properties capable of giving telepathic inner, guidance and effecting a transformation of consciousness in those in contact with it. The astonishing thing about this tradition is that the Chintamani Stone is said to have been brought to Earth â€Å"on a winged horse [a lung-ta] by messengers of the gods from a solar system in the constellation of Orion (Dr Walter Y. Evans-Wentz, The Tibetan Book of the Great! Liberation, Oxford University Press, 1954), www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS This painting, titled Command of Rigden Djapo, like many of Roerich? s works contains concealed messages, Note the darkened fuselage of a sleek aircraft angled upwards, complete with a vertical tail section (left of picture). In the top left corner, he subtly depicts pyramidal structures, maybe references to the 100 or so pyramids now known to exist in northern Asia. Nicholas Roerich 1926-27 private collection, Moscow It seems that there was more than one of these strange and â€Å"Precious Stones† (ibid. ), for, according to ancient lamaist lore, three of these pyramidal capstones were brought to Earth and set up in various locations wherever a spiritual mission vital to humanity was established. A suggestion is that one was on the summit of the Great Pyramid at Giza, another on the Jade Tower of Shambhala, and the third may now be under the sea in a place we know as Atlantis. The Mystery of the Magical Sceptre In Tibet, it is traditionally held that in the year 331 CE a chest â€Å"came from the sky† (Andrew Tomas, Shambhala, op. it. , caption in photographs section), in which were found four sacred objects. Among them was a magical ! g o l d e n r o d called a dorge, said to have extraordinary supernatural capabilities. Fabulous accounts of-this rod have been circulating in Tibet for centuries, and silver, brass and iron replicas are found in most Tibetan lamaseries today. It is w ww. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS believed that it emanated a brilliant radiance during special religious ceremonies, and in the hands of the King of Shambhala it was capable of focusing and manipulating potent cosmic forces. It is said that it also had the power of casting thunderbolts and burning holes in clouds. Many years after the discovery of the casket, ? ve strangers suddenly appeared before the then King of Shambhala, Thotho-ri Nytan-tsan, and instructed him on the proper use of the objects in the casket. Perculiar Craft over the Himalayas Mahatma Morya called Shamhala :the city of Science† (Passport to Shambhala, op. cit. , Letter 62, p. 101), and that makes it appropriate to examine the poissibility that this colony (or colonies) of a superior culture possesses an advanced technology.! ww. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS That the inhabitants of this enigmatic settlement are scienceconscious can be established from a story relayed by Roerich about a lama who was returning to his lamasery after a long trip from an outlying community. In a narrow secret subterranean passage, the lama met two men carrying a thoroughbred sheep, and they told him the animal was for scienti? c b reeding in the Valley of the Immortals (N. K. Roerich, Altai-Himalaya: A Travel Diary, Arun Press, Brook? eld, CT, 1983, ? st published in 1929). In another account of Central Asia, titled Beasts, Men and Gods, researcher and author Dr Ferdinand Ossendowski records some fascinating facts, and his documentation is as intriguing to read as that of Nicholas Roerich, Alexandra David-Neel and Andrew Tomas. A Mongol lama told Dr Ossendowski not only about an extensive tunnel system under the Himalayas but of â€Å"strange vehicles that rushed through them at extremely high speed† (Ferdinand Ossendowski, Beasts, Men and Gods, E. P. Dutton Co. , New York, 1922). To speak of machines moving rapidly underground is to suggest a technological achievement of a high calibre in a time that appears to precede our! current understanding of complex machinery by centuries. This tradition originated long before the western world developed any sort of technology. There is a similar rumour that subterranean vehicles once operated under the Giza Plateau (10thcentury Arabic traditions). We should consider the possibility that maybe Shambhala and the Great Pyramid are connected by a tunnel system. In his travels through Tibet, Roerich read old lamaist texts that spoke of â€Å"iron serpents which devour space with ? e and smoke† and â€Å"inhabitants of the distant stars† (N. K. Roerich, Heart of Asia, op. cit. ). Also, incredible sightings of fastmoving airships in the zone of Shambhala are numerous. This report from Roerich’s diary describes what happened as www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS his expedition was advan cing in the vicinity of the Karakoram Mountains: On August ? fthosomething remarkable! We were in our camp in the Kukunor district not far from the Humboldt Chain. In the morning about half-past nine some of our caravaneers noticed a remarkably big black eagle ? ying over us. Seven of us began to watch this unusual bird. At this same moment another of our caravaneers remarked, ‘There is something far above the bird. ‘ And he shouted in his astonishment. We all saw, in a direction from north to south, something big and shiny re? ecting like the sun, like a huge oval moving at great speed. Crossing our camp this thing changed in its direction from south to southwest. And we saw how it disappeared in the intense blue sky. We even had time to take our ? eld glasses and saw quite distinctly an oval form with shiny surface, one side of which was brilliant from the sun. N. K. Roerich, Altai-Himalaya, op. cit. ) Roerich’s sighting was some two decades before pilot Kenneth Arnold ? led his famous report of a formation of silver, circular, metallic craft skipping across the sky near Mount Rainier in Washington, USA, which resulted in the coining of the term â€Å"? ying saucers†. Only an aircraft of unknown type could have performed the ab rupt aerial manoeuvres recorded in Roerich’s diary. At the sight of the disc in the sky, one of the lamas with the expedition calmly said to Roerich: â€Å"This is the sign of Shambhala †¦ ou are guarded by the Immortals of Shambhala †¦ did you notice the direction in which this sphere moved[? ] †¦ you must follow the same direction† (N. K. Roerich, Heart of Asia, op. cit. , passim). The Shambhala Triangle In our search for the mysterious â€Å"Valley of the Immortals†, the second part of our story identi? es the location of Roerich’s â€Å"three posts of Shambhala† which form a â€Å"Shambhala Triangle†, an area of captivating events that include the recent discovery of interstellar tragedy records and sightings of clusters of pyramids in Tibet. ww. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Journey to the Sacred Kingdom The genera! populace living in the sky-brushing land of Asia, aptly called the Roof of the World, ha s been acutely conscious of the verity of Shambhala for centuries now. The belief in a secret Kingdom of People has lived on throughout the ages, and the existence of Shambhala is further supported by a 1,000-year-old record. It comes to us from a Russian source, found in 1893 in a manuscript at the VyshenskioUspenski hermitage near Shatsk in Tambov Province. Called â€Å"The Saga of Belovodye† (Belovodye is Russian for Shambhala, or Land of the Living Gods), the story, appeared in the 4 April 1949 edition of Novaya Zarya (â€Å"New Dawn†), a Russian newspaper in San Francisco. It relays the account of a young Slavic monk named Sergius, who spent several years in a monastery on Mount Athos in northern Greece, beside the Aegean Sea. The ill health of his father caused him to return to Kiev, and some time after his arrival Sergius, then nearing 30 years of age, obtained an audience with Prince Vladimir the Great (956-1015 CE). His purpose was to relay to him what he had learnt in the monastic library about a mysterious land in the East where virtue and lustice prevailed (The Saga of Belovodye Novaya Zarya, ibid. ). Prince Vladimir was so fascinated by the story of the legendary land that in the year 987 he appointed Sergius leader of a large expeditionary party that he equipped and dispatched in search of this Asiatic wonderland. The prince’s advisers estimated the. 6,000-mile (9,660-km) round journey would take three years, but decades passed without a word from the expedition. The people of Kiev believed that all members of the team had perished; but in 1043 an old man appeared in Kiev, declaring himself to be the monk Sergius whom Vladimir the Great had sent in search of the Valley of the Immortals some 56 years earlier. The essence of his story was duly recorded and preserved among the mystics of a Russian monastery, and it was that document that was found in 1893. www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Father Sergius said that at the end of the second year of their dif? ult journey, many people and animals in the group had died, either of extreme weather conditions or from attacks by wolves and bears. In one desolate territory, their party came across a pile of skeletons of men, horses, camels and donkeys and they were so terri? ed that they refused to go any further. Only two of the party agreed to continue with Sergius, and at the end of the third year of travel these two companions were left in a village because of their failing health . Father Sergius himself had reached the limit of endurance but was determined to complete his journey or die. Rumours he heard from the people of various regions through which he passed indicated that such a fabulous land as Shambhala did exist and that he was heading in the right direction. He employed another guide who assured him that he could take him closer to the Sacred Kingdom, which the locals called â€Å"the Forbidden Land.. .the Land of Living Gods and the Land of Wonders† (â€Å"The Saga of Belovodye†, ibid. ). Three months later, Father Sergius reached the borders of Shambhala. At a particular point, his only remaining guide refused to proceed further, frightened of the invisible guardians of the snowy mountains. Sergius was still unafraid of death and full of faith in the existence of a community of holy people that he had set out to ? nd. Besides, he was too exhausted to turn back. After another few days of lonely trekking, he was suddenly accosted by two strangers who made themselves understood to him, even though they spoke an unknown language. Thereupon Sergius was taken to a village where, after recuperating, he was given a job in a monastic-type establishment collating manuscripts. Later he was moved to an underground cavern lit by a peculiar light that aroused his wonder, â€Å"illuminating everything, dispelling darkness and shadows so that all appeared very even and gentle† (â€Å"The Saga of Belovodye†, ibid. ). Later, Sergius was moved to a nearby location where he was accepted as a brother. www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS As the months and years passed, the Slavic monk gained great spiritual knowledge. He was intensely happy that at last he had found patient, compassionate, all-seeing wise people who worked for the bene? t of mankind. He learned that, invisibly, they observed everything that was taking place in the outside world and were concerned about growing forces of evil on Earth. Father Sergius also learned that a number of people from various countries had endeavoured to enter this domain, but without success. The inhabitants observed a strict law whereby only seven persons in a century could visit their abode. Six would return to the outside world with secret knowledge, and one would remain to live in Shambhala without ageing, for time stood still in the clockwork of his genes. Before his return to Kiev, Father’Sergius lived his ? al years teaching wisdom in a cavern system that was later developed into the Monastery of the Caves. It seems that those six people, like Sergius, became outside coworkers of Shambhala, making up a small outer circle of wisdombearers. One, â€Å"an associate co-worker of the Mahatmas, Brahma lyoti of Delhi, [had] been in constant contact with the super-beings in the Hima layas who manage the world by the power of thought† (Anne Marshall, Hunting the Guru in India, Victor Gollancz Ltd, London, 1963). It is also said that â€Å"over the centuries, small numbers of Tibetan sages [from the Valley of the Immortals? were responsible for setting up the White Mystery Schools of the East and West† (Albert Mackey, MD, A Concise History of Freemasonry, McClure Publishing, Philadelphia, 1917 ed. , â€Å"Origins† entry). Enlightened souls from Shambhala are considered to be â€Å"apostles from the Valley of the Immortals†, for those â€Å"messengers are directly guided by the Mahatmas and intended for a certain part of the world at a given time in history† (Sergy C. Tatyana, Crimson Snow-heaps in the Himalayas, Lvovich Publishing, Moscow, 1925, translation by Larissa M. Vasiler, p. 97). www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS According to Tibetan lore, signi? cant records of Shambhala and its inhabitants were once in existence. They were published in several volumes of the Yung-Lo ta-tien, the largest encyclopaedia in the world, which preserved a mass of ancient knowledge including a collection of ancient yeti sightings (yeti means â€Å"magical creature† in Tibetan). This magni? cent tome, compiled in the 15th century, was composed of 50 million handwritten Chinese characters bound in 11,095 volumes. Once housed in the Yuan Ming Yuan, the Old Summer Palace in Beijing, it mostly perished when he palace was partially destroyed by British and French forces in 1860 during the Second Opium War. Today, only 370 volumes survive, scattered in libraries throughout the world. When we see how much has been lost of the cultural heritage of older civilisations, we shouldn’t ? nd it hard to imagine that there may have been many earlier â€Å"high† civilisations ab out which little is known, Shambhala being one. Subterranean Vaults in the Himalayas Legends of hidden underground libraries, treasures and exquisite artefacts connected to Shambhala are persistently spoken of in Asia and are described as secret storehouses of ancient knowledge. Earlier civilisations saw ? t to preserve something of the science and arts of cultures then vanishing through natural catastrophe or war or for other reasons otherworldly or unfathomable. Tibetan tradition af? rms that â€Å"time capsules† and precious silk-bound volumes are hidden in the innermost recesses of the â€Å"divine† Mt Kangchenjunga, the third highest peak in the Himalayas. Nicholas Roerich learned that a stone door leads to what he called â€Å"the Five Sacred Treasures of the Great Snow†, and his guides advised him against attempting to entei into the chambers â€Å"because everything divulged before the destined date results in untold harm† (N. K. Roerich www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Himalayas – Abode of Light, Nalanda Publications Bombay, 1947). In the Altai Mountains, Roerich also learned that the Himalayan foothills have concealed entrances leading to subterranean passages and chambers deep below the surface, where mysterious artefacts and exotic treasures have been stored from the beginning of world history. Roerich was also told of a secret underground storehouse on the Karakoram Pass in the Himalayas at an elevation of 19,500 feet (5,944 metres). His chief guide advised him that great treasures were preserved under the snowy ridge, and he remarked that even the lowly ones among the populace know of vast caverns that hold ancient artefacts. He enquired whether Roerich was aware of books in the outer world that record the location of these subterranean vaults. The wise old courier had spent years in the mountains and he questioned Roerich as to why foreigners, who claim to know so much, could not ? d the obvious entrances to underground palaces on the Karakoram Pass. During his 12 years in northern Tibet in the mid-1800s, Chinese explorer ha Chun-Pingwa spoke with Buddhist monks who claimed that in a secluded part of the Altyn Tagh Ridge there exists a vast network of underground galleries and museums housing a collection of several million breathtaking artefacts, protected by ever-watchful caretakers. In his memoir, Jia wrote about a subterranean museum that holds miscellaneous objets d’art depicting the evolution of mankind on this planet over the course of thousands of years (ha Chun-Pingwa, The Land of No Grass and No Water, The Great Liberation Publishing House, Lhasa, Tibet, 1917; extracts translated for Tony Bushby by Wendy Shin Liu, Jiangwan Town, Shanghai, China, 2009). He described the entrance! to this particular series of chambers as being to the left of a deep gorge containing a small cluster of unimpressive houses that mark the site of what may be the world’s greatest museum. www. atileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Jia was not the only one to have described this collection. â€Å"It is secure from intrusion, and nothing will disturb its age-old collected works †¦ the entrances are concealed, and vaults with manuscripts and artefacts lie deep within the bowels of the earth† (Fundamental Promises, a Chinese Buddhist manuscript c. 1 820, author unknown; translation by Ti-tzang, 1911, pp. 79-81, passim; original housed in the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Dharamsala, India). â€Å"A local resident said that at our bazaar, the people of this area come out with. trange, very ancient money, and nobody could evenremember when such money was in usage here† (Sergy C. Tatyana, Crimson Snow-heaps in the Himalayas, op. cit. , P. 231). Author Andrew Tomas was of the opinion that â€Å"all these secret places are connected with the mystery of Shambhala† (A. Tomas, Shambhala: Oasis of Light, Sphere Books, London, 1977, p. 53). Madame Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-1891), the Russian-born traveller and mystic who founded the Theosophical Society in 1875, alluded to the existence of Shambhala; giving it currency for western enthusiasts of the occult. She claimed that sages of the East are in a position to release to the world ancient documents that will upset the opinions of historians. She saw a number of secret repositories in northern India, and wrote that initiated yogis know of a vast network of underground libraries that expands out from cave temples right across northern Tibet. Vatican archives preserve, rare reports from early- 19thcentury missionaries which record that, in times of crisis, leaders of various countries sent deputations into the Himalayas to seek advice from the â€Å"Genii in the Mountains† (Catholic Encyclopedia, Pecci Edition, vol. i, p. 299). However, these documents do not reveal where the representatives went. An undated manuscript written by Monseigneur Delaplace around 120 years ago supports the belief of sages of Central www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Asia that people with special knowledge live in inaccessible and exclusive parts of the Himalayas (Annales de la Propa gation de la Foi, translation ‘by Pierre L. Josselin, 1929; extract cited in A. Tomas, Shambhala,’op. cit. , p. 28). The Tibetan epic of Ghessar Khan foresaw the opening of certain hidden halls of records at a time â€Å"when steel ships ? in the sky†, and Madame Blavatsky opined that some hidden manuscripts would be subtly and intentionally released in â€Å"a spiritually richer future† (The Theosophist, July 1912). Great is the Tibetan belief in an illumined subterranean people, who on occasion have been seen with torches in the dark. Roerich told of â€Å"a man of great appearance who arrived in Tibet from Siberia with his caravaneers and proudly stated, ‘I shall prove to you that the tale about the subterranean people is not: a fantasy. I shall lead you to the entrances of their subterranean kingdoms† (N. K. Roerich, Flame in Chalice, Nicholas Roerich Museum, New York, 1929). Whether or not he did is not recorded in Rberich’s books. Through all of Asia, through all the deserts, and from the oceans to the Urals, wondrous traditions of holy people living in mysterious underground cities exist. And while many pages of the story of man’s life on this planet have been torn out by the hand of Time, these ancient traditions do attest to the reality of secret treasures and depositories of rare writings stored in isolation that record knowledge from time immemorial. The White Pyramid and The Shambhala Triangle In an attachment to a rare 18th-century Tibetan book Road to Shambhala (written by he third Panchen Lama [1738-17801, translation by Cheng Yuan, 1901), intriguing references are made to a winged humanoid race which once lived in Tibet and subsequently â€Å"destroyed itself†. This same document also records the existence of numerous pyramidal structures in various locations across the Roof of the World, www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALL EY OF THE IMMORTALS unknown to the western world. Some of these edi? ces are described as â€Å"fabulous†, and â€Å"multicoloured† versions were set amongst dozens of other pyramids (ibid. ). The reality of pyramidal clusters in the Himalayas was con? rmed in more recent times, the ? st available report being that of American trader Fred Meyer Schroder, who in 1912 accidentally stumbled upon a giant pyramid surrounded by smaller structures. Amazed, he asked his Buddhist monk-guide what they represented and was told that 5,000-year-old lamaist documents not only contain information about the purpose of these pyramids but reveal that they were immensely old when the records were written. If this dating were ever con? rmed, the Himalayan pyramids would be older than the accepted dating of the Giza pyramids. Some 33 years later, another remarkable pyramid was sighted that seems to have embarrassed the scholarly world. In the northern spring of 1945, US Air Force pilot James Gaussman was ? ying an aircraft from China to India across Tibet when he was forced to reduce altitude because of an engine malfunction. He reportedly said: I ? ew around a mountain and then we came to a valley. Directly below us was a gigantic white pyramid. It looked like it was from a fairy tale. The pyramid was draped in shimmering white. It could have been metal, or a form of stone. It was white on all sides. What was most curious about it was its capstone; a large piece of precious gem-like material. I was deeply moved by the colossal size of the thing. Hartwig Hausdorf, Die Weisse Pyramide [â€Å"The White Pyramid†], republished in English as The Chinese Roswell, New Paradigm Books, Florida, 1998, p. 112) Gaussman believed that this pyramid exceeded 1,000 feet (-305 metres) in height, more than double that of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Gaussman’s photographs were never published, but a black and white pictu re of an earthen www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS pyramid near Xian, the capital of China’s Shaanxi Province, was presented to the media in 1990 as the â€Å"gigantic white pyramid† that Gaussman supposedly photographed 45 years earlier. However, Gaussman’s ? ght path was some 500 miles (805 kilometres) northwest of the published pyramid photo, and one suspects that this particular image was released by Chinese authorities to keep the existence of the White Pyramid secret from western knowledge. In 1947, two years after Gaussman’s sighting, another US aviator, Maurice Sheahan, ? ying southwest over Shaanxi Province, also espied a gigantic white pyramid. Several US newspapers, including the New York Times (28 March 1947), published accounts of his sighting. In Himalayas – Abode of Light, Roerich spoke of three â€Å"frontier posts of Shambhala† that suggest a triangularshaped area de? ing the precincts of this mysterious kingdom. The location of these boundary markers’ is unknown, but when a triangle is created at the same angles as the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt (51 degrees 51 minutes), starting at around 50 degrees north latitude and using longitude 88 degrees as the western (base) boundary, it intersects with Gaussman’s 1945 ? ight path near where he sighted the gigantic white pyramid. Using the southwest continuation of his ? ight path, the southern â€Å"frontier post† is determined at its intersection with longitude 88 degrees. Within this isolated triangle, some surprising events are known to have happened – and probably the most fascinating is the so-called â€Å"Tibetan Roswell†. â€Å"The Tibetan Roswell† In the ? rst week of January 1938, a scienti? c expedition led by Chinese archaeologist Chi Pu Tel penetrated deep into mountainous regions of BaianKara-Ula, somewhere near where the Yangtze and Mekong rivers begin their long, meandering course southward. There they discovered a cave system with graves aligned in parallel rows, undisturbed for millennia. These graves were without headstones or epitaphs, but on the cave walls were www. atileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS drawings of ? gures with elongated heads as well as depictions of planets. Archaeologists excavated the graves and found skeletons with abnormally large skulls and tiny bodies less than four feet (1. 22 metres) in length. On the cavern ? oor, half-buried in dust, they found the ? rst of 716 strange stone discs, each with a hole in its centre and resembling a long-playing gramophone record. Each disc was incised with grooves spiralling out to the perimeter which were found to be composed of closely written characters that spelled out a message. Later, in 1962, four scientists led by Japanese professor Tsum Urn Nui of Beijing’s Academy of Prehistory announced that they had ? nally decoded the discs. They revealed that the discs told of the crash landing of an alien spacecraft some 12,000 years ago. It seems that the crew survived, but the craft was too badly damaged to be able to ? y again. After encountering numerous dif? culties in making the spectacular results public knowledge, Professor Tsum Urn Nui resigned his position and returned to Japan. However, the scienti? community of the Soviet Union did not reject his report, and the results of further testing using an oscillograph supported Professor Tsum Urn Nui’s dramatic ? ndings. www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS The Crystal Cave of the Nagas A passage in the opening pages of the Mahabharata states that this epic was written â€Å"in a beautiful valley at the foot of Mount Meru†. That valley is said to be Sharnbhala. It would be fair to conclude that the world’s longest epic was originally written in the scriptoriums of the Immortals and then became the foundation of major Eastern understandings. Tradition maintains that Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) and Lao Tzu (c. 600 BCE), founder of Taoism, both visited the Valley of the Immortals. The Bon priests of Tibet admit that they received their faith from this same stream of philosophy (Baikal magazine [USSR], no. 3, 1969). The Bon faith the oldest spiritual tradition in Tibet, developed! from a manuscript the priests called â€Å"The First Scripture. . . the True teaching†¦ the tradition is of Eternal Wisdom†¦ that came from the â€Å"Immortals of Shambhala† (L. C. Hamamoto, The Soul Doctrine, Lhasa, translation by C. Chan, 1916, pp. 97-99, passim). www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Another ancient Tibetan book also had its origin in the Himalayas. Called the Bardo Thodol in Tibetan, it is known in the western world as The Tibetan Book of the Dead, and it is traditionally read aloud to dying persons to help them attain liberation of the soul after death. Tradition maintains that this extraordinary writing originated with a race called the Nagas, and lamaist records indicate that eight members of this race were associated with meetings with the King of Shambhala. In Tibetan understanding, they are noted for their profound wisdom, and the existence of the Nagas is ? mly established in the ancient lore of northern India. It is said that the Nagas have human faces of great beauty, serpentine body features and the ability to ? y when they emerge from Patala, the Netherworid. Prince Arjuna, Lord Krishna’s disciple, is alleged to have visited and conversed with the Nagas. According to tradition, it is said that they live in the Palace of the Serpents in fabulous subterranean abodes illuminated by crystals and precious stones. Roerich called one of his paintings The Lake of the Nagas (1932), and another shows a Naga sitting on an island in a northern Tibetan lake east of the Altai Mountains. This locates the Nagas in The Shambhala Triangle. Some ancient authors claim that the Nagas (male) and Naginis (female) originally â€Å"intermarried with humans, mostly with great kings, queens and sages or humans of great spirituality† (Iamblichus, On the Mysteries, particularly those of the Egyptians, Chaldeans and the Assyrians, fourth century; also referenced in Passport to Shambhala, West Siberia Geographical Society, 1923, English translation by Professor Vladimir Andrei Vasiliu, 1933, p. 174). It is also said that selected people have had the privilege of entering the vast caves of the Nagas, connected by tunnels like an anthill, stretching hundreds of kilometres inside the mountain ranges across northern India and deep into northern Tibet. www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Roerich’s paintings total in the hundreds, and some are of locations in Russia, Mongolia, Egypt and elsewhere. There is something mysterious about the way he handles perspectives and atmospheres that appears to indicate other dimensions and alien orders of being, or at least gateways or portals leading to such. Those fantastic inscribed stones in lonely upland areas; Lao Tzu on the back of a water buffalo heading west into an avenue of arched trees; a massive book some two metres thick, lying open with a person standing on a timber block looking down upon its pages; a human skull of immense size; his subtle depiction of pyramids in the background of several of his paintingsoall of these suggest that Roerich was revealing obscure information in painted ciphers. Maybe he was honouring the â€Å"Oath of Shambhala†, that being an agreement forbidding visitors to reveal openly what they saw or learned while in the Valley of the Immortals (Passport to Shambhala, op. cit. , p. 189). Roerich called this painting Most Sacred (Treasure of the Mountain). In it, he shows huge crystals dwar? ng humans clustered together in the upper left of the picture.  © Nicholas Roerich, 1933; (Nicholas Roerich Museum, New York; visit http://www. roerich. org. ) www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Dead Alien Found Alive! An American drugs and arms dealer, John Spencer, a resident of China in the years following World War 1 inadvertently found himself in a lamaist monastery at Tuerin in southwestern Mongolia. He had collapsed of exhaustion on a mountain track while ? eeing authorities in China, and was found by monks who took him to their monastery to recover.. At that same time, the monks were hosting another visiting American, William Thompson, a scholar who was studying Far Eastern religious beliefs in their library. A few days later, the recuperating John Spencer was exploring external areas of the monastery when he came upon a set of weather-beaten teps leading down to a small metal door. He opened it and entered into a spacious, brightly coloured, I2-sided room. The walls were decorated with drawings of heavenly constellations, celestial bodies and zodiac signs. In wonderment, Spencer ran his hand over the surface of a wall, and unexpectedly a nearby panel noiselessly opened inwards, revealing a dark tunnel beyond. He noticed a pale green light at a distance, and advanced into the gloom. After several minutes, Spencer reached the end of the tunnel and entered a large cavern, brilliant with an eerie green light. Along the length of one wall were 30 cof? ns, neatly laid out side by side in a long row. Thinking that they may contain jewellery or treasure, Spencer started opening the cof? ns, and in the ? rst three he found corpses of monks wearing garb similar to that of his monastic helpers. As Hartwig Hausdorf reported: â€Å"In the fourth lay a woman in men’s clothing; in the ? fth a man who he guessed was from India, and who wore a red silk jacket †¦ in the third to-last, there lay, perfectly preserved and clothed in white linen, the body of a male; in the next-to-last cof? there rested the body of a female whose ethnic origins he couldn’t quite determine† (Die Weisse Pyramide, republished as The www. vatileaks. com SHAMBHALA VALLEY OF THE IMMORTALS Chinese Roswell, op cit. , p. 61 passim). Remarkably, the corpses showed no sigm of decomposition, and Spencer reasoned that the cof? ns had been there a long time. insert picture: Roerich called this painting Most Sac red (Treasure of the Mountain). In it, he shows huge crystals dwar? ng humans clustered together in the upper left of the picture. 0 Nicholas Roerich, 1933 (Nicholas Roerich Museum, New York, http:// www. oerich. org) Failing to ? nd any treasure, Spencer ? nally reached the last cof? n and lifted the lid. To his amazement, he looked down upon a small creature dressed in shimmering silver clothing. Its large head was a silvery colour, with huge closed eyelids, no mouth and a short stub of a nose. When he bent down to touch the corpse, its huge opal-shaped eyes suddenly opened and glared at him, emitting a piercing green light that blinded the would-be tomb robber. Spencer slammed the lid shut and ran petri? ed from the cavern, tearing his clothing on protruding rock walls in his panic to depart. He reentered the monastery proper, and was told by a high- ranking lama that the creature he saw was an ef? gy of ‘a great master who had come from the stars† (ibid. ). The lama tried to convince him that he had only imagined that the creature was alive, but Spencer never doubted the reality of his weird encounter. Startled, he related his experience to William Thompson, who subsequently published details in an American periodical, Adventure, some time after his return to the USA. A few days later, Spencer left the monastery and disappeared without trace. He was never heard of again. Russian Scientists View an Ethereal Solar System â€Å"In subterranean Tibet,† a bearded guide told Roerich in 1928, â€Å"many great treasures of Wisdom are buried; when released, one very old cache of scienti? c artifacts will stun the world† (N. K. Roerich, Flame in Chalice. ,op. cit. ). www. vatileak How to cite Valley of the Immortals, Essay examples

Ethics and Professional Practice Artificial Intelligence

Question: Discuss about the Ethics and Professional Practicefor Artificial Intelligence. Answer: Introduction According to John McCarthy, artificial intelligence is the science that refers to the science and mechanism of building intellectual machines, principally intelligent mechanical programs. In fact, it is a way of making software think intelligently or simply making a computer that possesses human like performing competency with a greater speed (Cohen Feigenbaum, 2014). The ethical issues related to deployment of artificial intelligence in industries are distinct in nature since causes consequence on a broader level having impact on grave issues like employment and economical growth. The recent proneness of Australian industries to replace human workforce with artificial intelligence has been a matter of serious concern on the ground of ethical considerations. While embracing artificial intelligence, replacing about two-thirds of human intelligence with mechanical one the greatest issue that the companies face is the ethical dilemma associated with it (Opray, 2017). The philosophy working behind artificial intelligence is to invent machine intelligence similar to that of humans that are regarded high in human beings. The observation from the perspective of economy states that Australias expenditure on automation is the second largest in the world. Major business houses in the country has been investing large sum of amount for acquiring artificial intelligence; only in the last year of 2016, the Australian industries have spent $7.98m (theaustralian.com.au, 2017). Since all the companies are competing on global level, it is natural for them to seek more and more i mplementation of computer technology. However, it has been seen that Australian businesses lack in taking up artificial intelligence and planning for integrated use of AI. Surveys have found that considerable number of Australian business leaders feel that they are deficient in competency required to capitalize on artificial intelligence. However, apart from this, the Australian business houses suffer from severe ethical dilemma that hinders the wide acceptance of it. The first thing that comes as objection in this regard is the possibility of unemployment, which is likely to happen due to automation. Automation in the field of both physical and cognitive labor is likely to undertake the greater part of human workplace (Bostrom Yudkowsky, 2014). There is, in fact a specific term called technological unemployment to indicate how artificial intelligence has been replacing human labor over the years. The view that automation can have lasting effect of unemployment has been controversi al since long. Known personalities in the fields of economy and management Gene Sperling and Andrew McAfee, have also considered it a significant issue contemplating on the idea of existing dilemma and impending job-loss (ide.mit.edu, 2017). However, some believe that compensation effect will work in favor of human labors and those who are expecting a long-time effect of this are committing a fallacy. The risk assessment of deploying artificial intelligence involves another problem i.e. unequal distribution of wealth. Since the economy system relies on reimbursement for contribution in the economy, automation in the system of work can facilitate the companies to cut down the wage of the human labors (Opray, 2017). Such drastic reduction in the wages will ensure that the revenue generated reaches to less number of people. Consequently, the possibility of unequal wealth distribution arises where the larger share of profit reaches to the people in the ownership. This ever-widening wealth gap in the society has been another cause of major ethical dilemma for the companies. The increasing level of reliance on artificial intelligence has become another major cause of ethical dilemma as computer software have already been proven effective in direction human choices and attention. The cause of dilemma lies in its potential in being proven as detrimental if used by wrong hands (Tennyson, 2013). It seems that human dependency has found a new form, tech addiction and reliance on artificial intelligence. Besides this, it is believed that intelligence stems from learning continuously. Where it is possible to learn for human beings from their mistakes the machines are unable to learn anything new after its testing phase is over. Naturally, it is not possible to include all probable examples in the machines within that brief phase and thereby stands a chance that with time these machines would lack in security and efficiency (Tennyson, 2013). The question of security is however, an essential point as with the implementation of a powerful technology, comes the que stion of safeguarding it. The extent of confidential work that these machines are entrusted with requires a higher degree of security arrangement in order to avoid any damaging consequences. Information ethics and computing as well as several other areas of applied ethics require coherent unification of consequentiality of ethical analysis and deontological aspects. The theory of just consequentialism and computing proposed by James H. Moor emphasizes the effect of such policies within the limitation of justice (Sverdlik, 2016). The higher degree of flexibility offered by computing computers has facilitated its use in novel and unprecedented ways; however, formulated policies are still not there to control the use of artificial intelligence. Policies are the typical kinds of actions, which are at times contingent upon various situations (Baker, 2016). As far as designing a comprehensive policy is concerned, amalgamating considerations of consequences with more traditional deontological concept of considering duties, justice and rights will be ideal. Moral realists have often tried this amalgamation of consequentialist and deontological principles in order to deal with co nflicts between different rights and obligations. This hybrid model of ethical approach assists in locating the external practical constraints of liberal imagination while preserving the deontic values in difficult situations (Levy, 2014). Business philosophy is governed by the divergence between deontology, which is justifying the set of actions according to the traditional particular values and duties and consequentialism on the other hand which is to consider the outcomes of those actions. The problem with consequentialist theory, as critiqued traditionally, is that it concerns the future consequences and makes assumptions according to that whereas it is evidently not possible to determine future outcomes beforehand. As for example, an unethical business approach is permitted for an immediate gain without having any other ways (Russell, 2016). However, the conflict arises between whether this short-term deviation from ethical ground will have a lasting impact on the business culture or that what consequences it will generate in future is futile to contemplate on as long as it is beneficial for the business. Among act consequentialism and rule consequentialism, the latter being more inclined to deontological practice s, the former one is, however, more popular in many cases as it develops desirable outcomes even though it is no clear what optimal benefit it will generate. On the other hand, rule consequentialism, the previously tried and tested method, resolves this issue to some extent by necessitating a person to adopt rules, which are likely to generate the desired outcome. As referred in Kantian ethics, Categorical Imperative lays emphasis on an integrative perspective of considering both deontological values and reflection on consequences (O'Neill, 2013). Obedience to both has been seen to result in essential achievement of desired goals. The combined approach of deontology and consequentialism for a single purpose is likely to produce two different outcomes. Firstly, the principles of consequentialism may constrain deontological ideals. If the Categorical Imperative is conceptualized as a rule-consequentialist approach as exampled in Kants model where only deontic rules are assessed desirable because these are likely to deliver preferable moral outcomes. This combination can also operate in a reverse manner in which consequentialist ideals are constrained by deontological priorities (Stern, 2015). For example, in a serious business consideration too much of ethical consideration can hinder the generation of desired outcomes. All these attempts to merge consequentialism and deontology have provided an ideal opportunity for arguing explicitly in order to find out which one is the more efficient and dependable. Eventually they have concluded on a more liberal theory of what it is called just-consequentialism, facilitating to accomplish what is right and what is good at the same time. This seems to be of a perfect balance in a tough business situation provided with the liberty to follow procedural norms, which boost autonomy and the capacity of an individual to take hold of the opportunities without any hesitation in one hand while committing to rules as far as possible on the other. Hence, Moors theory of Just-Consequentialist Framework can rightly be called as a defensive ethical theory. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) computer society is a professional organization, which facilitates to improve theory, putting them into practice, application of information and computer technology processing scientific knowledge and technology (ieee.org, 2017). The group has volunteer boards in several program areas such as professional activities, education, membership, standards, conference and technical activities and has its own set of bylaws and constitution as established in 1971 (ieee.org, 2017). The Australian Computer society is the supervising organization for information and communications technology (ICT) profession in Australia (more.acs.org.au, 2017). The organization represents all the ICT practitioners of varied professions such as government, education and business. ACS works in order to help the members to follow their ambition, realize the extraordinary possibilities of their aspiration and helps them to realize those. The organization is known for recognizing professionalism, improving the skills of ICT and creating an integrated community of ICT practitioners (acs.org.au, 2017). Besides, the community also prioritizes ethics maintenance of the highest standards. Now, since both the organizations are the two most reputed ones in their functioning field of information technology they are bound to have some similar code of ethics following which they operate under ideal situations (Johnson, 2014). On the other hand, as these are two distinct entities some set of rules may differ between them. While mentioning the similarities the first striking parallel that can be drawn from the codes of ethics of the two organizations is the emphasis on technical competence. Both the organizations have stated it plainly that the members must work diligently and competently and should strive for continuous improvement. Both IEEE and ACS in professional development include the responsibility of helping colleagues and students to ensure their improvement also (teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au, 2017). Besides, another ethical code that is quite prominent in nature is to maintain professional loyalty. This includes rejecting bribery, being honest in stating any claim and representing skills, knowledge and services. Among the codes of ethics with social implications the safety and security of the public is on the highest priority level for them both. Working for welfare of the people and environment is considered as obligation for these organizations. Along with this, both the organizations make it a must to preserve the integrity and professionalism in the field of information technology. In addition, the organizations seem quite accepting about criticism; while ACS lays emphasis on giving regard to others perceptions, IEEE proposes to seek and accept honest criticism about their technical work (ieee.org, 2017). In order to contrast the codes of morals and beliefs of the two organizations, some specific ethical codes are there in both of the organizations that are not in common. For example, IEEE makes its stringent that under any circumstances causing injury to others reputation, property and employment by malicious or false action is unacceptable and is a punishable offence (ieee.org, 2017). IEEE also bars any kind of discrimination among the members concerning gender, race, religion, disability or any other criteria. ACS, on the other hand makes it a code of ethics to maintain distance from a person whose society membership has been terminated. The organization also encourages the members to lodge complaint against a person with unethical behavior to the Society authority (acs.org.au, 2017). Besides, ACS seems to be concerned about not only ensuring the quality of life but also respecting the privacy of people that might be curbed by the organizations work. Hence, it can be seen that though the organizations vary in fewer areas in the context of ethical codes, they resemble in most of the places aiming to work for peoples betterment while maintaining the desired set off social and professional ethics. References: About the ACS | Australian Computer Society. (2017). More.acs.org.au. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://more.acs.org.au/about-the-acs ACS Code of Ethics. (2017) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/acs-documents/Code-of-Ethics.pdf ACS Code of Ethics. (2017). Teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS3200/ethics/acs-ethics.htm Baker, K. (2016). The Consequences of Accepting Consequentialism.Philosophy Now,115, 38-40. Big firms embrace artificial intelligence. (2017). The Australian. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/big-firms-embrace-artificial-intelligence/news-story/ce4927d38d379b554b4550903d37a80e Bostrom, N., Yudkowsky, E. (2014). The ethics of artificial intelligence.The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, 316-334. Cohen, P. R., Feigenbaum, E. A. (Eds.). (2014).The handbook of artificial intelligence(Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. IEEE IEEE Code of Ethics. (2017). Ieee.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/p7-8.html IEEE. (2017). Ieee.org. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.ieee.org/index.html Johnson, J. A. (2014). From open data to information justice.Ethics and Information Technology,16(4), 263. Levy, S. (2014). The Failure of Hookers Argument for Rule Consequentialism.Journal of Moral Philosophy,11(5), 598-614. O'Neill, O. (2013).Acting on principle: An essay on Kantian ethics. Cambridge University Press. Opray, M. (2017). Artificial intelligence has arrived, but Australian businesses are not ready for it. the Guardian. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jan/25/artificial-intelligence-has-arrived-but-australian-businesses-dont-know-how-to-use-it Russell, B. (2016). Contractualism, Consequentialism and the Moral Landscape: A New Pro-Contractualist Picture of Ethical Theory. Stern, R. (2015).Kantian Ethics: Value, Agency, and Obligation. Oxford University Press, USA. Sverdlik, S. (2016). Consequentialism, Moral Motivation, and the Deontic Relevance of Motives.Moral Motivation: A History, 259. Tennyson, R. D. (2013). Arti?cial intelligence and computer-based learning.Instructional technology: foundations, 319. THE MIT AI MACHINE LEARNING DISRUPTION TIMELINE CONFERENCE. (2017). ide.mit.edu. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://ide.mit.edu/sites/default/files/030817%20Agenda.pdf

Internship report outline free essay sample

Executive Summary (Describe where your internship was carried out shortly (company, department, location, etc. ). Summarize your internship goals, activities, and accomplishments. In addition, describe the key learning from your internship (both personal and professional)). Table of Contents Table of Figures/Tables I. Overview of Internship a. Student name, ID, program specialization, telephone, email. b. Internship dates/Period c. Internship company name, department/division, address, contact numbers, e-mail d. Internship company supervisor’s name and position e. Internship objectives f. Job scope – Job description/duties responsibilities (intro) g. Student’s contribution to the company h. Benefits to the individual/Student i. Student’s career interest(s) j. Problems and difficulties if any faced during the internship period k. Recommendations and suggestions (Analyze your performance during the internship. What are your three primary strengths? Give examples of what you did well. What are three areas that you would like to improve? Give examples of what you would do differently. We will write a custom essay sample on Internship report outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ask your company supervisor for input on this aspect of the report. ) II. Organization Part (on overall issues about the organization, its legal status, organizational structure, character of business activities, list of the main business operations; character of works, performed directly by the student during the internship, explain how the work done during the internship relates to your major or to your career objectives) a. Introduction (Objective, methodology, scope, limitation)Â  b. Overview of the Company c. Management Issues d. Marketing Issues e. Finance/Accounting Issues f. Operations Management and Information System Issues g. Industry and Competitive Analysis (SWOT, market dynamics, competitive dynamics) h. Observations/Findings i. Summary and Conclusions j. Recommendations III. Project Part (on a particular issue – a topic preferably related to student’s major and internship/work) a. Introduction (background, objective, significance of the issue) b. Methodology c. Findings and Analysis d. Summary and Conclusions e. Recommendations References Bibliography (List the books, articles, websites that are referred if any) Appendices (Tables, maps, government reports, conversions if any) Required size of the MBA Internship Report – not less than 25 pages without appendices, 1. 5 space, 12 font, Times New Roman Required size of the BSc Internship Report – not less than 15 pages without appendices, 1. 5 space, 12 font, Times New Roman

American Laws Protecting Companies from Cyber Crime

American Laws Protecting Companies from Cyber Crime The US federal government considers cyber crime as one of the most critical threats to its security alongside terrorism (Cowley, 2012). In fact, the government considers cyber attacks a threat to the national security, which has prompted enactment of a number of laws.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on American Laws Protecting Companies from Cyber Crime specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since 1985, America has established several statutes with an aim of protecting the federal and state governments, organizations and the public from effects of internal and external cyber attacks (Cowley, 2012). Companies are required to comply with certain laws in order to ensure that their computer and communications systems do not provide cyber criminals with an easy target to execute their crimes. Although there is no single law that describes the specific way in which corporations should implement cyber security measures, a n umber of legislations seek to protect both the government and corporations from cyber crime. The purpose of this paper is to discuss legislations relevant to protecting corporations from cyber attacks, with a special reference to an organization dealing with management of equity fixed income property and allocation of asset funds. In October 2012, the American government issued a warning to organizations that the country might experience a possibility of what it calls ‘cyber-Pearl Harbor’ (Cowley, 2012). It warns that foreign computer hackers are likely to let loose chaos on America’s transportation system, information systems, power grid and financial networks. However, it considers a cyber havoc as the most probable and dangerous effect because most organizations do not have sophisticated measures to protect their intellectual property from cyber attacks. Case study: Legislations protect a hypothetical equity and assets firm from cyber crime The federal compute r Fraud and Abuse act 1984 is the first statute in the United States of America to protect intellectual property from theft and other forms of cyber crime. The statute was originally enacted with an aim of prosecuting hackers and those attempting to hack or attack computers and information systems in financial organizations or institutions of the federal government. Both organizations and the public sector have used this act to prosecute people who hack into their information systems. However, there are disagreements in courts over the use of the statute, which implies that the legislation is not effective for the financial institution in question to protect its intellectual property from cyber attacks (Cowley, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Being a financial institution dealing with figures and facts as its main item of trade, the company under dis cussion is likely to apply the Economic Espionage Act to prosecute people who attempt to hack into its information system or pose a threat to its intellectual property. This statute states that any acts of theft, intentional receipt of trade secrets and authorized copying of information or data is a crime that punishable under the law. It aims at criminalizing theft of trade secret, which protects governments, agents and financial organizations (Fischer, 2012). The Digital Millennium Copyright Act is a statute in the United States of America that seeks to protect the government and organizations from cyber attack by prosecuting IP theft. The statute considers theft of computer and computer systems’ identity as a crime. It seeks to protect organizations from people who fraud them of their intellectual property by illegally stealing the identity of their computers, internet servicers and other parts of the information system. By enacting the Wiretap Act, the federal government of the US aims at protecting privacy in communications between people in and out of organizations. The act criminalizes and seeks to prosecute people and organizations that attempt to involve in certain acts such as intentional or purposeful disclosure, intercept or use the contents of any wire, electronic or oral communication use a device (Cowley, 2012). The term device includes such objects as the computer, the internet, telephone, radio and other items of electronic communication. In addition, the act provides civil and criminal penalties for people who violate these regulations. However, it has a number of exceptions to when the violations are legal. Electronic Communications Privacy Act considers all writings, images, data, sound, transfer signals and intelligence that are transmitted through wire, electromagnetic, radio, photooptical or phoelectronic means as a property that needs protection. The statute sets down a number of requirements for arrests and search warrants. Stor ed Communications Act is the second title of the statute that seeks to protect communications held or on transit in electronic devices and channels such as the internet and computers (Fischer, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on American Laws Protecting Companies from Cyber Crime specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 is a federal statute in the United States of America that seeks to protect companies and public institutions from unauthorized access of government or corporation electronic communications. In fact, this statute is an extension of the omnibus crime control and safe act of 1986 (Tunstall, 2011). With respect to the above statutes, the company is obliged to comply with reporting regulations after it suffers a cyber attack or breach of its data. For instance, the SEC is involved in developing and publishing detailed guidelines that institutions need to follow when reporting events of cyber crime or breach of data. They also need to use these guidelines when disclosing information related to these events in case the attacks are likely to cause some effect on the their data, clients, liquidity, losses, pand business operations (Cowley, 2012). According to the regulations, disclosures must have specific content and in plain English (Tunstall, 2011). However, cybercrime disclosures are alarmingly infrequent in the United States, but it is important that the company comply with these rules and regulations (Kayman Elbaum, 2012). The law requires the company to comply with these laws in order to guarantee the customers, the public and other organizations reasonable degree of security for their information. However, the size of the company, the industry to which it belongs and the type of business it conducts determine how the company will comply with the law. There are minimum legal requirements the company must fulfill in order to p rovide maximum security for the information that it values as its assets. For example, it is mandatory for the company to be registered as a private company, a public liability company or a corporate. Secondly, the company must provide information regarding its size, value and nature of data as well as the number of customers it deals with. Moreover, it is necessary for the company to ensure that customers are provided with an ability to access their data but provide security so that their data is protected from cyber criminals. Finally, it is necessary for the company to comply with the regulations on disclosure of information on cyber attack to the relevant authorities, the prosecution and the courts if the offenders are brought in court for an offense related to crimes against the company’s intellectual property (Tunstall, 2011). References Cowley, S. (2012). FBI Director: Cybercrime Will Eclipse Terrorism. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fischer, E. A. (2012). Federal laws relating to cybersecurity: discussion of proposed law revisions. Congressional research service. Web. Kayman, S., Elbaum, L. (2012). Ninth Circuit Fuels Employee Misappropriation Debate. New York Law Journal 2(3), 15-16. Tunstall, M. K. (2011). Reporting Cyber Attacks and Data Security Breaches Guidance from the SEC. New York: SEC.

Dont Be Concerned About Ground Bees

Don't Be Concerned About Ground Bees Ground bees become active in early spring, and hardly sting. These bees dig nests in the ground, often in bare patches of the lawn or garden. If you find mounds of soil, similar to anthills but with larger openings, these may be ground bee nests. Watch for bees flying low over the ground and entering their burrows. Did You Know? Ground bees are non-aggressive, beneficial insects that rarely sting. In fact, the male bees lack a stinger entirely. Nesting season is limited to springtime. Unless you or a family member has an allergy, you can feel comfortable leaving the nest alone and letting the bees do their pollinating in peace. What Are Ground Bees? First and foremost, ground bees are beneficial insects which perform an important role as pollinators. Ground-nesting bees include the digger bees (family Anthoporidae), sweat bees (family Halictidae), and mining bees (family Andrenidae). Females are solitary creatures, excavating nests in dry soil. Each one will fastidiously mound the loose soil around her nest entrance, then provision her home with pollen and nectar for her offspring. Despite their solitary nature, its not unusual to find dozens of ground bee nests in one area if conditions are suitable for nesting. Males may fly over the burrows, patrolling for potential mates. Do Ground Bees Sting? Female ground bees can sting but, being non-aggressive by nature, rarely do. However, they will sting in defense if threatened. Males of some species may behave aggressively around nesting areas, but they lack a sting. How to Identify Ground Bee Nests Bumblebees also nest in underground burrows, though they typically use abandoned rodent burrows rather than excavate new ones. However, bumblebees live in social colonies. Observe a bee nest from a safe distance. Do you see a single bee coming and going, or multiple bees entering the nest? Social bees such as bumblebees will aggressively defend their nests, so make sure you identify them before you take any action. Yellowjackets also nest in the ground, and like bumblebees, often move into old rodent burrows. Some solitary wasps are ground nesters, as well. Make sure you know the differences between bees and wasps and never assume you have docile, ground bees. How to Control Ground Bees Before you decide to evict your ground bees, consider that these bees serve a valuable purpose as pollinators. Theyre not aggressive and, in most cases, you can still mow your lawn and continue regular outdoor activities without fear of being stung. Finally, nesting activity is limited to spring, so ground bees wont stay for long. Unless you have concerns for a family member with a bee venom allergy, its usually preferable to leave ground bees alone. Ground bees nest in dry soil, avoiding damp areas when choosing nest sites. Pesticides are not recommended for ground bee control.  The easiest, least-toxic method of controlling ground bees is simply watering the area. As soon as you see ground bee activity, start soaking the area with a full inch of water per week. This is usually enough to discourage the burrowing females and to make them relocate to drier ground. A thick layer of mulch on bare garden beds will also make ground bees think twice about nesting there.