The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Acknowledgments

I would be very remiss if I did not thank the many people who helped me survive the birthing of another novel: My parents have been my rock; I don't know how anyone does this without a dad's good advice and a mom's shoulder to cry on. My husband and sons have been incredibly long-suffering-anyone else would have had me committed to an asylum long ago. Thanks for keeping me around, guys. My Elizabeth-Elizabeth Eulberg, publicist extraordinaire-has made all the difference to my sanity both on and off the road. Few people are lucky enough to work so closely with their BFF, and I am eternally grateful for the wholesomeness of cheese-loving Midwestern girls. Jodi Reamer continues to guide my career with genius and finesse. It is very comforting to know that I am in such good hands. It is also wonderful to have my manuscripts in the right hands. Thanks to Rebecca Davis for being so in tune with the story in my head and helping me find the best ways to express it. Thanks to Megan Tingley, first for your unwavering faith in my work, and second for polishing that work until it shines. Everyone at Little, Brown and Company Books for Young Readers has taken such amazing care of my creations. I can tell it is a true labor of love for you all, and I appreciate it more than you know. Thank you Chris Murphy, Shawn Foster, Andrew Smith, Stephanie Voros, Gail Doobinin, Tina McIntyre, Ames O'Neill, and the many others who have made the Twilight series a success. I can't believe how lucky I was to discover Lori Joffs, who somehow manages to be both the fastest and the most meticulous reader at the same time. I am thrilled to have a friend and accomplice who is so insightful, talented, and patient with my whining. Lori Joffs again, along with Laura Cristiano, Michaela Child, and Ted Joffs, for creating and maintaining the brightest star in the Twilight online universe, the Twilight Lexicon. I truly appreciate all the hard work you put into providing a happy place for my fans to hang out. Thanks also to my international friends at Crepusculo- es.com for a site so amazing it transcends the language barrier. Kudos as well to Brittany Gardener's fabulous work on the Twilight and New Moon by Stephenie Meyer MySpace Group, a fan site so large that the idea of keeping track of it boggles my mind; Brittany, you amaze me. Katie and Audrey, Bella Penombra is a thing of beauty. Heather, the Nexus rocks. I can't mention all the amazing sites and their creators here, but thank you very much to each of you. Many thanks to my cold readers, Laura Cristiano, Michelle Vieira, Bridget Creviston, and Kimberlee Peterson, for their invaluable input and encouraging enthusiasm. Every writer needs an independent bookstore for a friend; I'm so grateful for my hometown supporters at Changing Hands Bookstore in Tempe, Arizona, and especially to Faith Hochhalter, who has brilliant taste in literature. I am in your debt, rock gods of Muse, for yet another inspiring album. Thank you for continuing to create my favorite writing music. I am also grateful to all the other bands on my playlist who help me through the writer's block, and to my new discoveries, Ok Go, Gomez, Placebo, Blue October, and Jack's Mannequin. Most of all, a gargantuan thank-you to all of my fans. I firmly believe that my fans are the most attractive, intelligent, exciting, and dedicated fans in the whole world. I wish I could give you each a big hug and a Porsche 911 Turbo. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any formor by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Little, Brown and Company

Impact of Internal and External Environment on Business Function

Football refers to a number of sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with the foot to score a goal. The most popular of these sports worldwide is association football, more commonly known as just â€Å"football† or â€Å"soccer†. Unqualified, the word football applies to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears, including association football, as well as American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league, rugby union,[1] and other related games. These variations of football are known as football codes. Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games. Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. [2][3] The influence and power of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside of the directly controlled Empire,[4] though by the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic Football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage. 5] In 1888, The Football League was founded in England, becoming the first of many professional football competitions. During the twentieth century, the various codes of football became amongst the most popular team sports in the world. [6] information Football is the game which is played on the rectangular grass. It is played with the ball. In this game, the goalkeeper is the only player who allowed to use their hands and arms to propel the ball. The main purpose of the game is to score by manoeuvring the ball into the opposing goal and the remaining members of the goalkeeper are use their feet to kick the ball into a position. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. The width of the fields for the non-international matches is in the range of 50-100 yards and the length is in the range of 100-130 yards. The international adult matches may be 64-75 meters in width and the 100-110 meters in length. In the front of each goal, there is also a one area for the penalty. Football game has been established with the team sport and it is played by two teams of 11 players. It is one of the most popular game in the world. In this game, the points are scored in a variety of ways, by throwing the ball to another player, including carrying the ball over the goal line or kicking the ball through the goal posts on the opposing side. The main object of the game is to score a point by just clicking the ball into the goal of the other team. There is also a one referee and the two assistant referees. The basic equipment for the players are required to wear a footwear, shorts, socks, shirt and adequate shin guards. But the goalkeeper must wear the clothing for the easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials. Compare OddsUse the mashbet website to compare online bookmakers and find out who is offering the best odds for the sporting even you want to bet on. Professional Punting Elite Ratings: A Leading provider of Professional Punting strategies and the best customer service in horse betting tips. Sports Nutrition Supplements Sports Trophies & Awards Wide selection of trophies & awards from Broadway Trophy & Engraving. Thailand Lottery sports mentoring Integralperformancecoach. com – Leaders in sports mentoring and provides training and coaching for top perfomance in sports. ingonodeposit. net Are you ready to get in shape, but HATE the gym? Join our lifestyle brand of healthy living with health & Crossfit sugar land. Barcelona football shirts frive and y8 games: play y8 and frive mni games online for free. Arsenal football shirts Medallas messi Lionel Andres â€Å"Leo† Messi (Spanish pronunciation: [ljo?nel an?d?es ?mesi], born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine footballer who pl ays as a forward for La Liga clubFC Barcelona and the Argentina national team. He serves as the captain of his country's national football team. By the age of 21, Messi had received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations. The following year, in 2009, he won his first Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year awards. He followed this up by winning the inaugural FIFA Ballon d'Or in 2010, and 2012. He also won the 2010–11 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award. At the age of 24, Messi became Barcelona's all-time top scorer in all official club competitions. At age 25, Messi became the youngest player to score 200 La Liga goals. Commonly rated by commentators, coaches and colleagues as the best footballer in the world and as one of the greatest layers in the history of the game,[2][3][4][5][6][7] Messi is the first football player in history to win four FIFA/Ballons d'Or – all of which he won consecutively – as well as the first to win threeEuropean Golden Shoe awards. Messi has won six La Ligas, two Copas del Rey, five Supercopas de Espana, three UEFA Champions Leagues, two Super Cups and tw o Club World Cups. In March 2012, Messi made Champions League history by becoming the first player to score five goals in one match. He also matched Jose Altafini's record of 14 goals in a single Champions League season. Messi became the first player to top-score in four successive Champions League campaigns. Messi set the European record for most goals scored in a season during the 2011–12 season, with 73 goals. In the same season, he set the current goalscoring record in a single La Liga season, scoring 50 goals. On 16 February 2013, Messi scored his 300th Barcelona goal. On 30 March 2013, Messi scored in his 19th consecutive La Liga game, becoming the first footballer in history to net in consecutive matches against every team in the league. Messi was the top scorer of the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship with six goals. In 2006, he became the youngest Argentine to play in the FIFA World Cup and he won a runners-up medal at the Copa America tournament the following year, in which he was elected young player of the tournament. In 2008, he won his first international honour, an Olympic gold medal, with the Argentina Olympic football team. SportsPro has rated Lionel Messi as the second-most marketable athlete in the world. His playing style and stature have drawn comparisons to compatriot Diego Maradona, who himself declared Messi his

Brand Consciousness Among Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Brand Consciousness Among Teenagers Essay Mass media is media which is intended for a large audience. It may take the form of broadcast media, as in the case of television and radio, or print media, like newspapers and magazines. Internet media can also attain mass media status, and many mass media outlets maintain a web presence to take advantage of the ready availability of Internet in many regions of the world. Some people also refer to the mass media as the â€Å"mainstream media,† referencing the fact that it tends to stick to prominent stories which will be of interest to a general audience, sometimes ignoring controversial breaking news. Many people around the world rely on the mass media for news and entertainment, and globally, mass media is a huge industry. Usually, mass media aims to reach a very large market, such as the entire population of a country. By contrast, local media covers a much smaller population and area, focusing on regional news of interest, while specialty media is provided for particular demographic groups. The advantage of running operation in mass media is that one can set up a platform of medium to disseminate favorable message. The advantage of attacking mass media is that one can build up his/her reputation for being less biased and more objective. The advantage of co-operating with mass media is that one can ease the worries of being â€Å"black mouthed† by media organizations. The advantage of buying corporate engaged in mass media is that one can get a big asset for negotiation with political parties and the government. Disadvantages of mass media Well I believe it comes down to the parents or guardians to begin with. Of course younger generations shouldn’t be watching as much TV if at all. Most of the primetime shows and stations are becoming more and more passive on what not to show. Having younger children subjected to nudity, cursing, sexual immorality, drinking and other negative adult oriented material is of course unsuitable, heck even unsuitable for adults at times. If the parents let their children watch inappropriate shows on TV I’m sure studies have shown the likelihood of these children being involved in such problems later on in life. Brand Consciousness Among Teenagers. (2018, Oct 20).

Personal and Professional Development Assignment - 12

Personal and Professional Development - Assignment Example So, I need to create a mindmap regarding self management of my learning and career in art. After setting my ultimate goal in life, I have set up short-term goal at various levels such as personal, educational, artistic, financial and so on with a definite time limit, which will enable to achieve big target of my life. After that, I always keep updating a to-do-list on daily basis to achieve my short-term goals (Developing Personal and Professional Skills | Faint Apogee - Academia.edu. 2015). I continue to reflect on my work with SWOT analysis of personality at regular intervals. This is best way to analyze the situation in hand and plan for next day. The regular SWOT analysis enables me to remind myself about my goal in life and remove any distraction which is impeding my progress towards the goal. I use most of the mediums for study of art which are available today such as regular lectures and mentoring in collage, visit galleries during exhibitions, interview artists when they are available and read miscellaneous art books in my spare time. I also browse art sites on internet and keep in touch with various artists on social networking sites and attend art workshops (Developing Personal and Professional Skills | Faint Apogee - Academia.edu. 2015). For staying on track, I need to review my goals and my achievement from time to time in an honest manner. For self-assessment, I am objective, honest, a relaxed manner and quiet environment among other things to assess strength and weakness. This is required for increasing commitment to set goals develop competencies in weak areas. There are many self assessment tools in market which are easy to access and thorough but, I like to do my self-appraisal with a very well known assessment tool which is used all over the world by companies regardless of their size and structure. This self assessment tool is known as SWOT analysis. Normally, this self- assessment tools is used

When henry the VIII became head of church of england was power Essay

When henry the VIII became head of church of england was power confered or confirmd on him by the parliament - Essay Example The Act in Restraint of Appeals partially accepted the Kings position as Supreme Head of both church and state, although it also upheld Cromwells idea that the king- through Parliament controlled the church. Supremacy was a formal recognition of a supremacy which already existed, whilst Cromwell believed that Parliament was needed to create a royal supremacy. Henry now showed his grand pretensions by stating that he was restoring his imperial rights that had been deprived from him and his predecessors by the Papacy itself.2 The nature and effect of the supremacy is of fundamental importance to obtain an understanding of how the English church was to develop. This was and would not be a Reformation from the bottom up or inspired by religious radicals. It was officially sanctioned Reformation from the top to the bottom. For anybody wishing to advance it further or halt it completely against official government policy was brave, devout or foolish. 3 With the Act of Supremacy Henry had gained the right for himself and his heirs to have political, social and religious control over the Church in England. The pace and direction of reforms thus came under the control of the state. The government therefore would only introduce reforms it considered politically expedient. An Act of Succession was also passed placing the children of the Boleyn marriage in the line of succession. Much to Henrys disappointment Anne had given birth to Elizabeth and not the son he wanted and changed so much to obtain. He was not to know that Elizabeth would reign longer than either Mary or Edward, and whilst maybe not as great as her reputation was certainly the most successful of his children. It became treason to deny the Supremacy, the order of Succession and Annes position as Queen, this legislation punished some devout Catholics both high ranking and low ranking.4 The passing of the Act of Supremacy in

Finance and Market , short essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Finance and Market , short question - Essay Example For the purpose of this study, we dwell on the advantages and disadvantages of the diversification of REITs holdings’ activities as opposed to the focused approach. Advantages Wider Market Cover When a REIT agency registers to venture into specific areas, there is an aspect of additional market cover. REIT can thus conduct a number of projects which essentially maximize its potential. This in the broader picture implies additional return on investment and maximizes the proportions of dividends that the shareholders gain in the REIT investment. This is not usually the practical case of REITs business that is restricted to specific line of real estate development. If REITs companies have specifications to operate in restricted lines of business, they cannot later on expand to more openings and business opportunities. In a diversified perspective however, REITs have to enjoy a dynamic market characterized by a wide range of business opportunities than maintenance of an ordinary r eal estate portfolio. Dynamism and Innovations Secondly, diversification have in the past enabled RETs to introduce and practice innovative ideas in the real estate properties without the risks of exceeding the limits of operation as stated in the description of the real estate portfolio. ... This approach provides opportunities for to enable the REITs to practice real estate swap which the enables upcoming potential real estate investors to get sufficient exposure to real estate property business without necessarily fulfilling the huge amounts of capital commitment. In the swap, REITs enjoy unlimited exposure to real estate and have the ability to change their capital equity and bonds without restrictions or regulations. This means that REITs sources of revenue will then not be limited to interests, but also bonds, equity and commodities. With the inclusion of the international diversification in Real Estate, there is a low correlation with interest rates than with bonds and equities. The scale of International diversification in real estate investment securities exposes REITs to minimal risk compared to the focus on equities and bonds. Disadvantages High Taxation REITs occupy larger portfolios in real estate trading and this attracts more taxes due to the statutory cons ideration of the return on investment. The wider the portfolio a real estate maintains, the larger the taxation that is applied. This is a great and inevitable challenge which incidentally is not negotiable. Risks of Over-Commitment Secondly, REITS face high risks of over-committing capital equity into long term investments whose returns are not guaranteed. This is a high risk that either leads to the extreme results, either too high losses or extremely high returns. To realize high returns in this case requires REITs to conduct systematic studies of the contemporary market risks. Divergence of focus The third disadvantage that REITs get exposure to in the diversified

Supply chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supply chain Management - Essay Example For instance, a pharmaceutical or biotechnological company normally handles perishable goods that must be kept under favorable environmental conditions. In effect, these conditions must be strictly adhered to while transporting and storing the products in a warehouse. However, a company might lack these important facilities during transportation and warehouse and may effectively consider contracting another company best fitted to handle such commodities during logistics. In this regard, the company contracted would maintain quality of the goods. c) Develop a strategy, and then employ specific suppliers to carry out well-defined portions of the strategy. A manager may employ this strategy in case of situations in which there are constraints in terms of resources available in the company. For instance, a company with internal logistics expertise and working hard to expand its operation in the market may experience financial constrictions. In this regard, such a company can use its inte rnal logistics expertise to develop a strategy internally within its operations. ... However, the manager in such a company may consider outsourcing its transportation and warehousing needs of its raw materials to a company best suited to handle this. In addition, the company may also contract another company to handle the distribution of its finished products. Question #2 a) Quick Response: In this partnership, the retailer normally establishes the amount of order they have made and the durations in restocking up. On the other hand, the supplier makes an analysis of the data from the retailer’s Point of Sale (POS) in order to develop their estimation and production schedules. Thus, the retailer is absolutely in charge of their inventory and helps their supplier in improving their functions by making available POS data for the supplier’s analysis. In this case, this type of system is crucial in instances that the retailer-supplier relationship is in its initial stages, or has just been established and is thus new. In effect, there is little trust betwee n the two parties making it the more suitable when compared to the two other partnerships. In addition, this type of partnership is crucial in instances where there is unavailability of efficient and sufficient personnel and facial resources. Therefore, this partnership is more appropriate than the others since financial and personnel resources inhibit the development of a more incorporated relationship while compared to VMI. b) Continuous replenishment: In this type of partnership, there is mutual trust between the retailer and the supplier making it the best type of partnership in comparison to a quick response partnership. In this case, the supplier receives Point of Sale data from the retailer and makes shipments at intervals based on a prior agreement. In

Keepers of the Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Keepers of the Future - Essay Example The shortage of well-trained, credible teachers who possess the right personal qualities necessary for preschool teachers is becoming widespread.   Government funds simply cannot provide the proper training for them, much less, the salaries and benefits they need.   Hence, it is a sad reality that many children miss out on the benefits of quality care and education.   More basic than education, health of children all over the world, is likewise at risk, as reported by UNICEF (2008) in its report on the State of the World’s Children 2009.   These articles have impressed upon me a sorry future for today’s young children if people will not move to make it better for them. The shortage of well-trained, credible teachers who possess the right personal qualities necessary for preschool teachers is becoming widespread.   Government funds simply cannot provide the proper training for them, much less, the salaries and benefits they need.   Hence, it is a sad reality that many children miss out on the benefits of quality care and education.   More basic than education, health of children all over the world, is likewise at risk, as reported by UNICEF (2008) in its report on the State of the World’s Children 2009.   These articles have impressed upon me a sorry future for today’s young children if people will not move to make it better for them. Third world countries may suffer a more dire reality, depending on the people’s priorities.   In the Philippine setting, education is seen as a major priority and investment of parents. Hence, many families believe in preschool education.   At least in the metropolis, the country’s growing profiles of dual-income earning families is pushing more and more parents to enroll their young children in preschools instead of leaving them with the household help.   As children turn two years, many parents already go out to choose the right preschool for their toddlers. This cho ice must be seriously made since a wrong choice of preschool may cause more harm than good for the children. Like in the articles, many teachers in the Philippines are not appropriately trained to handle very young children.   Traditional approaches such as lecturing and expecting young children to learn from mere workbooks and rote still prevail.   Although there are a lot of preschools in existence upholding more progressive methods and developmentally-appropriate practices, their market is very limited since such schools tend to charge higher rates.   And even if training is available for teachers in carrying out progressive methods, it is a common complaint among them that administrators of their school are just not open to implementing it because of their resistance to get out of their comfort zones.

National Drug Control Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

National Drug Control Strategy - Essay Example Asides from the issue of drug abuse in its entirety and the prevention strategies, the     President's National Drug Control Strategy has the treatment and recovery vision for the recuperating drug addicts (Whitehouse.gov, 2014). International partnerships, law enforcement, grants and the role of the media are also part of the President’s National Drug Control Strategy.Asides from the issue of drug abuse in its entirety and the prevention strategies, the     President's National Drug Control Strategy has the treatment and recovery vision for the recuperating drug addicts (Whitehouse.gov, 2014). International partnerships, law enforcement, grants and the role of the media are also part of the President’s National Drug Control Strategy. The National Drug Control Policy wrote the foreword to the office of the president of the Obama Administration. The National Drug Control Policy was trying to put the detrimental effects of drug abuse in the American Society (White house.gov, 2014). Moreover, the forward also intends to put it into clarity that the office of the president is trying all it can do to tackle the issue if drug abuse. The goal, which I think deserves the most attention in the fight against drugs in the American society, is a community participation in the fight. Community involvement is essential because it is in the numerous communities that the drugs circulate. Should the community work hand in hand with the law enforcement agencies, then society would eventually be a drug-free society (Whitehouse.gov, 2014). Resultantly, the people would help in developing their respective societies because drugs tend to derail the society’s workforce.

The Impact of Globalization to Manufacturing Field Essay - 20

The Impact of Globalization to Manufacturing Field - Essay Example Here the goals of helping to think ‘achievable’ as ‘possible’ and ‘realistic’ as ‘probable’. Working through the realistic criteria identifies the tension between the current state and desired state. Moreover, the organizations which aim for the globalization of manufacturing should have an aggressive expansion strategy and wants to fund this expansion debt free by freeing up capital tied up in other assets. The definition of globalization itself manifests its impact on the manufacturing logistics. To most economists,’ globalization’ means the closer integration of economies via trade and factor flows. But this permits many interpretations of how this can be measured. Economic geographers define the globalization as the shifts in the location of economic activity subsequent to shrinking economic distance. On the other hand, the critics take the view on globalization to be synonymous with capitalism, big business, and m ultinational corporations. (Crafts and Venables (2001, p. 2)(3) 2. Crafts, N. and Venables, A. J. (2001) ‘Globalization in history: a Geographical perspective’, London School of Economics, paper prepared for the NBER conference on ‘Globalization in economic perspective’. interactions in each economy between the external facets of globalization like e.g. shrinking economic distance, greater trade or the spread of international production that apply to the economy and internal factors that affect its employment response. The major impact of globalization as follows. 1. Globalization causes to manufacturing companies the converging of product prices between exporting and importing countries, a good indirect measure of economic distance between economies.  Ã‚  

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Freemark Case Essay Harvesting Riesling grapes immediately , or leave them on the vines despite the approaching storm the place of the vineyard. Light rain and storms are detrimental to the crop of grapes, as these cause or may develop Botrytis cinerea , a fungus that causes damage in the skins of grapes . The Freemark winery wine produced only first best grape varieties bottled 25,000 cases of wine each year as Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay . The Grapes of Freemark Abbey came from an ideal environment in the central and southern California -Napa valley . The type of wooden barrel used for storing wine influences the style of wine produced. The winemaker is to harvest the grapes when they have achieved the right balance of sugar and acidity to the wine style order. But maturity is a variable process , however , and if the weather is not appropriate, the right balance could never exist . If the grapes are harvested at 20 % sugar, the wine is fermented Dry ( all the sugar alcohol is exchanged for carbon dioxide ) or almost dry . If the grapes are harvested at 25 % sugar, the winemaker can produce a wine with the same alcohol (10 % ) but with 5 % residual sugar , this wine is sweet and relatively intense . Freemark Abbey had already produced a crop of botrytis Riesling in 1973. Jaeger concluded that there was a 50% chance that rain would hit the Napa Valley. Because the storm had originated on the warm waters of Mexico , and thought there was a 40% chance that if the storm hit , would result in the development of botrytis mold . Freemark Abbey had the option to sell the wine in large quantities, or could sell grapes directly . These alternatives would bring only a means of income, but avoid the damaging reputation of the winery, which would be risky engrossed an inferior product. If Jaeger decided not to harvest the grapes immediately in anticipation of the storm , and the storm did not hit the crop , Jaeger leave the grapes to ripen fully and probably , hopefully, sugar grapes reach 25 %, resulting in a wine that is sold about $ 3. 50 wholesaler. With less appropriate climate , the level of sugar would exceed 20 % producing a lighter wine probably sell about $ 3. The same process that resulted in increasing sugar concentration also caused a 30% reduction in overall juice . The highest price was therefore offset by a reduction in part on the amount . Expenses for the winery were about the same for each of the possible styles of wine and were small compared to the wholesale price . Evaluate the facts : Light rain and storms are detrimental to the crop of grapes, as these cause or may develop Botrytis cinerea , a fungus that causes damage in the skins of grapes . The winemaker is to harvest the grapes when they have achieved the right balance of sugar and acidity to the wine style order. But maturity is a variable process , however , and if the weather is not appropriate, the right balance could never exist . If Jaeger decided not to harvest the grapes immediately in anticipation of the storm , and the storm did not hit the crop , Jaeger leave the grapes to ripen fully and probably , hopefully, sugar grapes reach 25 %, resulting in a wine that is sold about $ 3. 50 wholesaler. Define the problem : Should riesling grapes harvested immediately or leave them on the vines despite the storm that is approaching -Napa Valley ? Establish alternative solutions : A possible solution would be to hire a provider or a scientist , to help provide a pesticide. A class of microorganisms which may inhibit the fungus concentration of grapes, but this would generate overruns while better production and lower losses . One possible solution would be to harvest the grapes immediately and directly , avoiding possible contamination but a possible change in the fermentation and maturation of these . Choose the most appropriate alternative solution A class of microorganisms which may inhibit the fungus concentration of grapes, but this would generate overruns while better production and lower losses . Prepare an action plan It would have to execute a plan of action by companies and providers that help Freemark grape production using microorganisms that help break down and improve the quality of the grapes. It would be an amicable solution with the environment , and help to prevent accidents of rain and being productive .

Judicial activism Essay Example for Free

Judicial activism Essay Judicial activism continues to attract a heated debate in many parts of the world. Judicial activism can in general terms be defined as judge legislating on the bench. Judicial activism is a situation where the presiding judge or jury issues a judgment on a case based on his or her political or personal thoughts. The judgment may also be based on pressures that emanate outside the constitution. Judicial activism therefore occurs when the court of law fails to abide by the provisions of the constitution in issuing judgment. There have been arguments in different parts of the world on different provisions that gives room for judicial activism. The basic argument has been due to the ability of judicial activism to result into violation of separation of powers of the legislature and the judiciary. This is because it gives the judge the power to create laws rather than conforming to interpretation of the existing law. This is the functions of the legislative arm of government. On the other hand, proponents of judicial activism have argued that it creates a situation where the judges’ rulings are not limited which gives room for the broader application of the law. Generally, judicial activism has been criticized because of the possibility of it being used by liberals or conservatives to create new laws by avoiding the traditional legislation processes that are subject to public opinions and debates (Roosevelt, 2008). It is important to note that the officials in the judiciary are appointee while the legislature is directly elected by the citizens in the country. This means that the judiciary does not have the ability to legislate. For this reason, judicial activism has been accused of being responsible for unacceptable judgments in the courts of law. It allows both conservatives and liberals in the justice systems to transgress the jurisdiction of the law court and make judgments that are inconsistent with the law of the land. Some people have defended judicial activism arguing that the judge does not create any law. However, the effects of the judge basing his judgment on his political and personal thoughts have the same effects as a written law. Both either limit or allow an action against an offender. Depending on the legal systems in a country, the level of judicial activism varies. For example, judicial activism has been found to be more likely in Canada compared to the United States due to the high dependence of Canadian judicial systems on judge’s discretion (Roosevelt, 2008). Judicial activism in Canada The Canadian judicial systems allows the judge to make judgments according to his interpretation of the constitution, the common law, acceptable policies in the judiciary and gives them discretionary powers in the rulings. This creates a room for judicial activism in the Canadian justice systems. However, it is important to note that there is eminent separation of powers of the judiciary and legislature in Canada. The traditions of the Canadian justice system have a very strong respect for the constitutional function of the legislature. It is the responsibility of the court and the justice systems to ensure that the law of the land is applied impartially as it is written (Kelly, 2006). The Canadian justice systems are based on the British and the French legal systems. These legal structures rely more on the judge’s discretion, the judicial policies as well as the common law. Therefore, compared to legal systems in other countries such as the United States, the Canadian systems are more susceptible to being accused of judicial activism. Consequently, there is a glowing concern over judicial activism in Canada as a response to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms where the judges have been accused of overstepping their mandates and making unreasonable judgments. Of greater concern is handling of cases involving same sex marriages where the judges have been accused of basing the judgments on their personal thoughts about the topic (Kelly, 2006). The Charter of Rights and Freedoms was enacted in 1882. This law was followed by other parliamentary and provincial enactments that have increasingly widened the scope of human rights and freedoms in Canada. The principle function of the charter and the subsequent legislation has been safeguarding the rights and freedoms of individuals in the country constitutionally. However, the big question has been whether the charter has been able to secure the rights and freedoms of all individuals living in Canada. There have been arguments that the law creates excuses for the judiciary and tribunals to deny Canadians their fundamental rights and freedoms and undermine the principles of democracy. Initially, the charter was praised by its admirers who argued that it was the greatest achievement in the history of Canada making it more democratic and just. However, some people have argued that the charter has done centrally to the expectation by empowering the judges to make unacceptable rulings (Kelly, 2006). According to Leishman (2006), before the enactment of the charter into law, the legislative bodies in Canada which includes the parliament and the provincial legislatures had well defined functions in the country which made them supreme. They had the constitutional authority to make new laws and amend or revoke the existing ones. However, the situation has changed since the enactment of the charter. Today, the judiciary has taken over the legislative duties as well as its judicial duties. It has become a common occurrence in the Canadian legal systems for judges and juries, who are not elected but appointed, to impose guidelines on key policy issues to the parliament and the provincial legislators who are elected democratically by the people. Democratically, these representatives are expected to form the legislative arm of government but the Supreme Court has dodged the principles of democracy and has allowed judges to legislate on the bench resulting into unacceptable and unrealistic judgments. Leishman (2006) provides several cases in the Canadian legal systems where the judges have made unacceptable judgments based on their personal ideologies about an issue. An analysis of these cases indicates that individuals, corporate organizations and social entities are affected by the unacceptable rulings in many ways. Some of the court ruling that is aimed at promoting rights and freedoms have in reality resulted into injustices and biasness because they are based on the judge’s personal opinion which may not be in the best interest of all individuals or entities involved in the case. An example of such as case was Linda Gibson‘s picketing case. Gibson was a pro-life advocate who had a personal opinion against abortion in the country. Being a victim of the traumatizing effect of abortion on the woman and having witnessed the negative effects of abortion for many years, she opted to picketing outside an abortion clinic in the city. In 1994, the court order was issued ruling against picketing within the vicinity of abortion clinic. This is despite the charter assuring all Canadians the freedom of expression. This is one of the cases where the judicial activisms have been used to impose unacceptable judgments which violate the fundamental rights of individuals. It is important to note that it is the role of the legislature to limit individuals’ rights and freedom while the courts are expected to make judgments based on reasonable interpretation of the law. Another important case which indicated the level to which the judiciary has overstepped its mandate is the Vreind v. Alberta case in which Delwyn Vriend, an employee at King’s University College, had appealed against his dismissal. He was accused of insubordinate behavior for wearing a shirt that mocked the conservative codes of conducts in the college that prohibited homosexuality. Due to pressure from some resentful students in the college, the administration was forced to dismiss Vriend. He appealed to the human rights commission in the province against the discriminative dismissal and eventually the case went before the courts. The court ruled against the college’s decision to dismiss the worker arguing that it was an act of discrimination based on sexual orientation. This form of discrimination was against the charter and related acts in the province (Leishman 2006). However, careful analysis of the case demonstrates that the decision was as a result of judicial activism which severely affected the college. It is important to note that by the time this ruling was made, no legislation in Alberta relating to human rights mentioned anything to do with sexual orientations. Moreover, the court admitted in its judgment that the legislature in the province had in many instances ignored the demands to incorporate provisions that related to the rights and freedoms relating to sexual orientations. The charter of rights and freedoms alike did not have any provision relating to sexual orientations. The parliament had rejected all proposals to include such provisions in the charter. This is a clear indication that the Supreme Court overstepped its jurisdiction by taking up legislative roles. It was wrong for the Supreme Court to ignore the decision by the legislative arms of government, who are directly elected by the people (Roach, 2001). Based on these ruling, where the judges ruled according to their personal opinions on the issue and not a reasonable interpretation of the law, the Supreme Court has made other ruling that favor homosexuality in Canada. For example, based on the Vriend case ruling, the court ruled in favor of same sex couples in the M. . H. case in 1999. The court argued that homosexuals should be granted equal rights according to the charter despite the legislature rejecting attempts to incorporate such provisions in the charter. The court was well aware of the failed attempts by the attorney general to legally allow homosexual couples to have the same rights as legally married couples. The legislatures being the people representative rejected the bill due to the public outcry and widespread objection. However, the court’s ruling on the M. v. H. case was very surprising (Cossman, 2002). Rather than amending the law, the court humiliated the legislature by giving it half a year to amend that law in order to grant homosexual couple equal rights and responsibilities. The legislature responded to the order by the court and amended the law by adding statutes that give homosexual couples the same rights as heterosexual couples. Although some people may argue that it is reasonable for the charter to protect the rights of all irrespective of their sexual orientation, it is interesting to note that the court was able to achieve a legislation function that the legislature was unable. There is no doubt that the court ruling ordering the legislature was uncalled for and unacceptable given that the two arms of government need to be separated. The role of the court is to interpret the law a while the legislative functions are bestowed on the legislature by the constitution (Christopher, 2001). There are several ways in which the law court can oversteps its mandate and make unacceptable rulings. The most interesting aspect of judicial activism in Canada is that the proponents of these moves by the court base their arguments on the charter on rights and freedoms. For this reason, the most common form of judicial activisms involves the court extending the rights and freedoms of an individual contrary to the provisions in the law. An example of such cases is the Vriend case where the court extended the rights of the complainant to include sexual orientation which is not included in the charter. The court can also make unacceptable rulings by increasing the powers of the judiciary. This is the case in the M. v. H. case. In this case, the court overstepped its constitutional function by ordering the legislature to amend the law accordingly. Although it is the legislature which passed the law, its role was to rubber stamp what the court had already legislated which is not acceptable (James, 2003). There are cases where the court has made unacceptable rulings by increasing the rights and freedoms of a group of people. These groups can be an ethnic community or groups with a certain ideological believe such as homosexuals, pro-life or pro-choice. For example, in the case of Linda Gibson‘s picketing case, the court made a unacceptable ruling which increased the freedoms of the pro-choice group while limiting that of the pro-life group. In the same way, by the court pushing for amendment of the law in the M. v. H. case, the court increased the rights of homosexuals (Leishman, 2006). Conclusion The enactment of the charter on rights and freedoms in Canada was seen by many as a revolutionary legislation in the history of the country. The law guaranteed all Canadians equal rights and freedoms. Unfortunately, the charter has turned into a threat to the citizens in the country because the courts have used it to defend unacceptable rulings that amount to judicial activism. In the enactment of the charter, the legislators rejected all attempts to incorporate issues related to homosexuals, pro-life and conservative Christian values. However, in many instances, the judges in the law court have overstepped their constitutional functions and legislated from the bench. The rulings are based on the personal and political ideologies and beliefs of the presiding judge which may not be in the best interest of the general public. Although some level of judicial activism may be essential in any democratic society, some resultant rulings are unacceptable.

Characterizing Positivism Interpretivism And Realism Approaches Psychology Essay

Characterizing Positivism Interpretivism And Realism Approaches Psychology Essay However, despite these ongoing arguments between the methodological traditions of qualitative and quantitative research (Gage, 1989); combined methods represent a fast developing field of social science methodology. As all methods have specific margins and particular strengths, many discussants propose that qualitative and quantitative methods should be combined in order to compensate for their mutual weaknesses (Tashakkori Teddlie, 2003). Moreover, it is claimed that this movement scripts the beginning of a new era in social research indicated by a tendency to combine quantitative and qualitative methods pragmatically unencumbered by old debates (Johnson Turner, 2003). Therefore it is emphasized that the uses of a mixed-method design provides an important tool in overcoming the limitations of both qualitative and quantitative mono-method research. This essay deals with social theories that influence qualitative and qualitative research methods employed in social sciences as either in principle separable or even as irreconcilable methods of social sciences. It starts with a characterization of positivism, Interpretivism and realism; and links these theories to the foundation of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Then, it shows how they deal with the various aspects of the qualitative-quantitative divide. Finally, it is the intention to show how the combined methodological approach may be integrated in a coherent way to add value and assist in the design of a single research project. With an emphasis on the differences and similarities between quantitative and qualitative approaches providing the basis for exploring the methods of combining both approaches to overcome their weaknesses by providing a commentary of the complementary strengths of each tradition. Characterizing Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism approaches Few sociologists would describe themselves as a positivist, interpretivist or realist. These are terms used primarily by methodologists and social theorists to describe and evaluate the theoretical assumptions underlying different approaches to research (Bickhard, 1992; Johnson, 2006; Hibberd, 2010). There are many different views in sociology about what societies are and the best ways of obtaining knowledge of them. This part of the essay simplifies matters to some extent by characterizing three of the most influential theories of knowledge in sociology: positivism, interpretivism and realism (Bryman, 1998 and 2001; Hibberd 2010). Positivism Positivism is frequently used to stand for the epistemological assumption that empirical knowledge based on principles of objectivity, verificationism, and reproducibility is the foundation of all authentic knowledge (Bryman, 2001; Hanzel, 2010). The term positivist has been critical for some time in the human sciences because positivist tends to subscribe to a number of ideas that have no place in present-day science and philosophy (Hanzel, 2010). Positivism views that sociology can and should use the methods of the natural sciences, that do not usually mean using experiments because there are all sorts of ethical problems with doing that, but positivists do believe that sociologists should use quantitative methods and aim to identify and measure social structures. As a philosophical approach, positivism encompasses a group of notions. Table 1 below, provides main characters for positivist key ideas. It shows that positivists sum up all the items by being against metaphysics (Hackin g, 1983). Character Description emphasis upon verification Significant propositions are those whose truth or falsehood can be settled in some way. Pro-observation What we can see, feel, touch, and the like provide the best content or foundation for all the rest of our non mathematical knowledge. Discoverability Scientific knowledge is something discovered (rather than produced or constructed). Anti-cause There is no causality in nature, over and above the constancy with which events of one kind are followed by events of another kind. Downplaying explanation Explanation may help organize phenomena, but do not provide any deeper answer to Why questions except to say that the phenomena regularly occur in such and such a way. Anti-theoretical entities Positivists tend to be non-realists, not only because they restrict reality to the observable but also because they are against causes and are dubious about explanations. Table 1: Positivism characters Source: Hacking, 1983 Positivist theory argues that the methods of the natural sciences are applicable to the study of societies. In the positivist view, sociology involves the search for causal relationships between observable phenomena and theories are tested against observations (Hibberd, 2009). Researchers adopting a positivist point of view may still be interested in finding out about peoples subjective views. For example, they explore things such as attitudes and opinions through survey research (Michell, 2003). However, they see the task of sociology as explaining why people behave in the way they do, and how people really feel about things cannot be explained scientifically. Interpretivist Interpretivists do not necessarily reject the positivist account of knowledge, but they question the idea that the logic and methods of natural science can be imported into the study of societies. Max Weber was one of the main influences on the interpretivist tradition in sociology. For him, natural science and social science are two very different enterprises requiring a different logic and different methods (Bryman, 1982). At the heart of interpretivist critique of positivism is a humanist viewpoint. Some of those favouring an interpretivist view of sociology have long argued that in their search for a scientific explanation of social life, positivist have sometimes forgotten that they are studying people, and to study people you need to get out and explore how they really think and act in everyday situations. Interpretivists argue that unlike objects in nature, human beings can change their behaviour if they know they are being observed (Collins, 1984; Guba, 1987). So, interpretivists argue that if we want to understand social action, we need to look into the reasons and meanings which that action has for people (Marsh, 2002). Take the example of crime, a positivist would argue that researchers can simply measure crime using quantitative methods and identify patterns and correlations.   While, an interpretivist would argue that we need to understand what people mean by crime, how they come to catego rize certain actions as criminal and then investigate who comes to be seen as criminal in a particular society . The aim of interpretivist approaches in sociology is to understand the subjective experiences of those being studied, how they think and feel and how they act in their natural contexts (Marsh, 2002; Johnson, 2006). Therefore, although interpretivists still try to be objective and systematic in their research, the key criterion in interpretivist epistemology is validity. The favoured research design is ethnography and the main methods are ones that help researchers understand social life from the point of view of those being studied, such as unstructured observation, unstructured interviews and personal documents. Interpretivism has provided a powerful critique of many of the taken-for-granted ideas of positivism that are widely used in sociology and in other social sciences (Marsh, 2002). It has also influenced a whole field of research illuminating peoples everyday life experiences. However, interpretivists accounts are criticised by some sociologists for not providing testable hypotheses that can be evaluated. This can lead to relativism where one theory, or study, is seen as just as good as any other. Realism Realist theory, like positivism, holds that sociology can, and should, follow the logic and methods of the natural sciences, meanwhile, it differs from positivism in its interpretation of science (Hartwig, 2007; Hibberd, 2010). In positivist research, theories are tested against observations and found to be true or false or somewhere in between. In simple terms, the facts are the judge of the theory (Hibberd, 2010). Realists do not make this clear-cut separation because they do not believe that observations can be separated from theories (Parker, 2003; Hartwig, 2007). They argue that no form of science relies exclusively on observable empirical evidence. There are always aspects of any form of reality that remain hidden beneath the surface of what can be observed (Duran, 2005; Hibberd, 2010). According to realists, the aim of scientific work is to uncover the underlying causal mechanisms that bring about observable regularities. Realists see research being guided primarily by scientific criteria, such as the systematic collection of evidence, reliability and transparency. However, because they recognise the importance of the subjective dimension of human action, they also include methods that document the validity of peoples experiences (Bhaskar, 1999). Research designs are more likely to be experimental or comparative in realist research, but there is no particular commitment to either quantitative or qualitative methods (Parker, 2003; Hartwig 2007).The focus of realist methodology, however, is on theory. Realists argue that as there is no such thing as theory-free data: sociological methods should be specifically focused on the evaluation and comparison of theoretical concepts, explanations and policies. The development of a clear, realist epistemology is comparatively recent in sociology and owes much to new realist writers like Bhaskar (1986, 1999) and Pawson (1989). They have provided a different interpretation of science and its relationship to social sciences, and a developing alternative to the dominant theories of positivism and Interpretivism that laid the foundations for a non-empiricist epistemology in social science (Hibberd, 2009 and 2010). However, they would say that this doesnt mean that either set of methods, positivist or interpretive, have to be ditched. The realists argument is that sociologists can be pragmatic and use whatever methods are appropriate for particular circumstances. Social reality is complex and to study it, sociologists can draw on both positivist and interpretivist methods. For purists, the assumptions associated with quantitative and qualitative paradigms regarding how the world is viewed and what it is important to know are irreconcilable. They envisage that both methods stem from different metaphysical and epistemological assumptions about the nature of research (Bryman, 1984; Collins, 1984; Tashakkori Teddlie, 1998). Purists advocate that the methods and tenets from positivism and post-positivism cannot and should not be mixed (Smith, 1983). They believe that the axioms of post-positivism and positivism have mutually exclusive assumptions about society; therefore, the research methods derived under each are considered to be mutually exclusive as well In agreement with purists and acceptance of both positivist and post positivist paradigms, situationalists maintain that qualitative and quantitative methods are complementary but should not be integrated in a single study. However, they believe that definite research questions relate more to quantitative approaches, whereas other research questions are more suitable for qualitative methods (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). Thus, although representing very different directions, the two approaches are treated as being complementary. By contrast, pragmatists, unlike purists and situationalists, contend that a false separation exists between quantitative and qualitative approaches (Newman Benz, 1998). They advocate the integration of methods within a single study. Sieber (1973) articulated that because both approaches have intrinsic strengths and weaknesses, researchers should utilize the strengths of both techniques in order to understand better social phenomena. Indeed, pragmatists assign to the philosophy that the research question should drive the methods used (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). In any case, researchers who ascribe to epistemological purity disregard the fact that research methodologies are merely tools that are designed to aid our understanding of the world. It is possible to argue that there are overwhelmingly more similarities between quantitative and qualitative approaches than there are differences (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). Bothe and Andreatta (2004), add that both approaches involve the use of observations to address research questions, describe their data, construct descriptive arguments from their data, and speculate about why the results they observed happened as they did. Both sets of researchers select and use analytical techniques that are designed to obtain the maximal meaning from their data, and so that findings have utility in relation to their respective views of reality (Kelle, 2006). Both methods investigators utilize techniques to verify their data. Such techniques include persistent observation with continuous and prolonged investigation of the research study with consideration to rival explanations. Replication of the chosen study method to other cases (of which may include extreme scenarios) provides the opportunity to gain validity of findings and the methodological approach used, by means of a representative study group to allow for reliable generalisations to be made. Triangulation, verification of researcher effects and weighting of the evidence identifies and resolves researcher bias and thick description (Creswell, 1998, cited Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005) which may impact on the findings. Debriefing of study participants may obtain valuable feedback from participants also. Moreover, quantitative and qualitative researches represent an interactive range and the role of theory is central for both paradigms. Specifically, in qualitative research the most common purposes are those of theory initiation and theory building, whereas in quantitative research the most typical objectives are those of theory testing and theory modification (Newman Benz, 1998). Clearly, neither tradition is independent of the other, nor can either school encompass the whole research process. Thus, both quantitative and qualitative research techniques are needed to gain a more complete understanding of phenomena (Newman Benz, 1998). Hence, there are many parallels exist between quantitative and qualitative research. Indeed, the purity of a research paradigm is a function of the extent to which the researcher is prepared to conform to its underlying assumptions (Luttrell, Wendy, 2005).This suggests that methodological pluralism (Larsson, 2009) should be promoted, the best way for this to occur is for as many investigators as possible to become pragmatic researchers (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). Combined research methods and function in the research process A combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches can assist in practical solutions to overcome limitations of mono-method research discussed for the last 50 years (Kelle, 2006). However, it is rarely addressed in current debates whether it is possible to develop solid methodological strategies for structuring research methods based on that insight of combining qualitative and quantitative methods (Creswell et al., 2003; Tashakkori Teddlie, 2003; Onwuegbuzie Leech, 2005), though there is a broad agreement that a use of multiple methods with complementary strengths and different weaknesses can add value to a single research. Despite this, the discussion provides only sparse information about which designs could overcome which weaknesses of mono-method research. Furthermore, there is still a lack of agreement about the exact classification and terminology of different mixed methods, combined method or multi-method designs which are used in research practice (Tashakkor i Teddlie, 2003, cited Onwuegbuzie Leech, 2005, p:307 ). By starting the research process with a qualitative study, researchers may obtain access to knowledge that helps them to develop the appropriate theoretical concepts and to construct consistent research instruments later on that cover relevant phenomena by consequential and relevant items. Such a design helps to overcome the limited transferability of findings from qualitative research as well as the initially mentioned hazards of the heuristics of commonsense knowledge (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005, p: 307). This approach can help to construct consistent research instruments that cover relevant phenomena by consequential and relevant substances. Meanwhile, combining qualitative and quantitative methods the opposite way could be useful in many cases; that means starting with a quantitative study, followed by qualitative questions (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005; Lund 2005). In this quantitative-qualitative approach, problem areas and research questions are identified by carrying out a quantitative study which will have to be further investigated with the help of qualitative data and methods. The problem of quantitative research addressed by this design is often the difficulty to understand statistical findings without additional socio cultural knowledge. Furthermore, the quantitative part of a sequential quantitative-qualitative design can guide systematic case comparison in the following qualitative inquiry by helping to identify criteria for the selection of cases and by providing a sampling frame (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005; Kelle, 2006). Thus, this design can help to overcome an important threat of validity existing in qualitative research that researchers focus on distant and marginal cases. Another problem of qualitative research can be addressed by this design: it helps to avoid a qualitative study with an outsized scope that covers a domain too wide to be captured with the help of a small qualitative sample. Onwuegbuzie and Leech (2005) give a simple example to understand the above problem: a qualitative study of family life in a contemporary city would have to take into account many more different forms of families than a similar study in a traditional rural community in the first decades of the twentieth century. By drawin g on statistical material about the distribution of different family forms, the minimum requirements for qualitative sampling could be easily captured, and may be well advised to downsize the research question and research domain (Bryman, 2001; Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). On the other hand, a parallel qualitative-quantitative design can fulfil similar functions to a sequential design: the qualitative part of the study can provide information that helps to understand statistical relations, to develop explanations and to identify additional variables that increase variance already explained in the quantitative data. A great benefit of a parallel qualitative-quantitative design is that it helps to identify measurement problems and methodological artefact of both qualitative and quantitative data, as the same persons are interviewed with different techniques (Bryman, 1992 and 2001). However, this parallel design approach encloses an important disadvantage, it is that qualitative sampling and data collection cannot be systematically developed from research questions derived from quantitative data; therefore it can easily be the case that the available qualitative data provide no answers for questions coming from the quantitative study, as they were not col lected for that purpose. Conclusion It is shown throughout this essay that the theoretical approach influences the methodological approach and vice versa. Many studies in sociology use a combination of positivist, interpretivist and, realist ideas. The essay demonstrates that the influence of positivism has inspired much of social research most prevalent research methods. Some of these include surveys, questionnaires and statistical models. Researchers applying a positivist methodology for their study consider large-scale sample surveys and controlled laboratory experiments as suitable research methods. These methods can be justified as they allow positivist researchers to employ empirical and logical quantitative data. While, interpretivism employs qualitative methods to understand people, not to measure them, it attempts to capture reality in interaction, however, does not necessarily exclude quantitative methods. Whereas, quantitative results from a positivist method like a survey are unlikely to provide understandi ng of this deeper reality and therefore should not be a major part of any realism research project, basically, because realism research data are almost always qualitative data about meanings. The essay provides several benefits of performing mixed method research. Researchers of social science use a wide variety of research methods to gain and enhance knowledge and theory. The different types of research methodologies, quantitative and qualitative, are associated with the epistemological and theoretical perspectives the researcher wishes to adopt. The essay demonstrated that quantitative and qualitative methods can fulfil different, yet, complementary purposes within mixed-method designs. Quantitative methods can give an overview about the domain under study and can describe its heterogeneity on a macro-level, whereas qualitative methods can be used to gain access to local knowledge of the field in order to develop theoretical concepts and explanations that cover phenomena relevant for the research domain. Thus, quantitative and qualitative methods cannot substitute each other, but help to illuminate different aspects of sociological phenomena: in a sociological investiga tion quantitative methods can describe the actions of large numbers of different actors, whereas qualitative methods provide information about possible reasons for these actions. In such cases qualitative and quantitative methods help to answer different questions such as the kinds of actions social actors typically perform. Finally, the essay demonstrated that results from qualitative interviews can help to identify unobserved heterogeneity in quantitative data as well as the previously unknown explaining variables and unspecified models (Kelle, 2006). It is also clear that results from the qualitative part of mixed-methods design can help to understand what once incomprehensible statistical findings were; the qualitative part of the research can help to discover a lack of validity of quantitative measurement operations and instruments. Moreover, in a sequential quantitative-qualitative design quantitative research can help to guide the selection of cases in qualitative small studies. In this case the quantitative part of the study can help to confirm findings from a qualitative study and to transfer these findings to other domains.

Monter Inc. Movie Essay -- essays research papers

Reverse Monsterfication   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the length of the movie, I was taken back to my childhood when there were monsters in my own closet. Over the years, the monsters have all died and been replaced by just as scary skeletons, so my closet is still full. However, to a young child monsters are still lurking in the shadows, and they still make the floor creak. The approach taken by the writers of this film is one of uniqueness and of originality. By successfully juxtaposing the situation between monster and child, the writers were able to confront a touchy subject head on. This was reached through a combination of differences represented by the monsters in the movie and between the child’s impression of monsters in real life. We all know that in real life, to a child, monsters can be very real, intimidating, and extremely terrifying. The monsters in the movie are shown to be emotional creatures, with feelings and concerns. Appropriately enough, the largest monster named Sullivan is be st friends with one of the smallest monsters named Mike. Sullivan the bear, being the largest and scariest of monsters, turns out to be the one with the largest heart and concern for the well being of a small human girl he names Boo. The movie also shows us that the monsters are actually at work, earning money. Not only are they at work, but they also have a society, relationships, and an apparent chain of leadership and authority. To top it off, the monsters are more s...

Childhood Poverty Essay -- Poverty Essays

We as Americans are extremely lucky. We live in a big country with many resources and almost all the luxuries we ever wanted. On the flip side, in America there are also many people who do not have these privileges. The lower class is a struggling class. For many years, people have been trying to pull themselves up from the lower class and the majority does not succeed. Childhood poverty is a large problem in the U.S. It is said that the poorest people in the United States are the children of the lower class. Childhood poverty could lead to a number of problems such as hunger, violence, physical and mental disabilities, educational problems, homelessness, family stress, sickness, and too-early parenthood. The sad truth is that living in poverty lowers a child’s chance to grow into a healthy, well-adjusted adult who will contribute to society. The number of people who are classified as the working class poor has increased. It has also been proven that work by itself will not keep a family out of poverty. As for government assistance for families in poverty, it has been decreasing. The government argued that families were not using all the services, which were available to them. In today’s society, the amounts of single-parent households are increasing and this is another reason for the existence of childhood poverty. Statistics show that children living in single-parent homes are five times more likely to be poor. More people are getting divorced and are also having children outside of wedlock. It has also been said that women rather than men head about 90% of single-parent families. One of the reasons why these particular families are so poor is because out of all divorced fathers, only 50% help support the... ...iggest and toughest job of you life†¦parenthood. Along with parenthood comes the largest amount of responsibility anyone has even been faced with. Their job is to raise their children, and show them the world. Everything is brand new to them, and as a parent, they are the ones who will be introducing their children to everything. The last thing any parent would want for their child is to have tem grow up in poverty. Every year we spend so much money to report to the public that there are children living in poverty. Why spend millions of dollars campaigning an issue which his already known worldwide? That money should be taken and used to help people lift their children and themselves out of poverty. Progress will not be made of we are just going to sit their and cry about it. Childhood poverty is a large issue, which has been and still needs to be dealt with.

Gudea statues Essay -- essays research papers fc

Discovery of Statues in Lagash Lagash was one of the oldest cities in Sumer and Babylonia. Today it is represented by a long line of ruin mounds, which are rather low, now known as Tello al-Hiba in Iraq. Located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, and east of the ancient city of Uruk, it is positioned on the dry bed of an ancient canal, approximately 10 miles north of the modern town of Shatra.# The ruins of Lagash were discovered in 1877 by Ernest de Sarzec, a Frenchman, who was allowed by the Montefich chief, Nasir Pasha, to excavate the site at his pleasure in the territories under the governing of Nasir Pasha. Ernest de Sarzec continued excavations at this site with various interludes, at first on his own account and later as a representative of the French government, until his death in 1901. The smaller mounds had apparently been comprised mostly of storage houses, in which vessels, weapons, sculptures, and other objects that were used by the administration of palace and temple. However, the primary excavations were made in two larger mounds, which later were found to be the site of the temple known as E-Ninnu, a shrine to the patron god of Lagash, Nin-girsu. The temple had long been destroyed and a fortification was built on what remained of the temple, during the Seleucid period. It was underneath this fortification that numerous statues of Gudea were discovered, which make up the heart of the Babylonian collection at the Louvre Museum#. Overall the statues had been damaged, some decapitated and others broken in various ways, having been put into the foundation of the new fortification. Also in this section came a mixture of fragments of basic artifacts including various objects made from bronze and stone, of high artistic excellence. Some of these objects have been dated to the earliest Sumerian period enabling historians to trace Babylonian art and it’s history to a date some hundreds years prior. Excavations in the other mound resulted in the uncovering of the remains of various buildings. In these outlying buildings de Sarzec discovered about thirty thousand inscribed clay tablets, the record archives of the temple. The tablets contained the business records, the nature of its property, the methods used to cultivate the land, methods on herding its animals, and its commercial and industrial dealings. The ancie... ... A shaped frame. Works cited: Cooper, Jerrold. Reviews of Gudea and His Dynasty by Dietz Otto Edzard. The Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 119, No. 4. (Oct-Dec 1999): pg 699-701. Edzard, Dietz Otto. Gudea and His Dynasty. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997. Hallo, William W. and Simpson, William Kelly. The Ancient Near East: A History. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1971. Hansen, Donald P. “New Votive Plaques from Nippur,'; in the Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 22, No. 3. (Jul., 1963). pg 145-166. Howorth, Henry H. “The Later Rulers of Shirpurla or Lagash,'; in The English Historical Review, Vol. 17, No. 66. pg. 209-234. England, 1902 Olmstead, A. T. “The Babylonian Empire,'; in the American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Jan., 1919). pg 65-100 Unknown. “A photogrammatic study of three Gudea statues,'; in The Journal of the American Oriental Society. pg 660. 1990 Encyclopedia.org Lagash. Louvre Museum. Seated statue of Gudea, prince of Lagash. UMBC of Maryland. Gudea and the Kritios Boy Wikipedia. Lagash. WorldHistory.com. Gudea and Statues of Gudea.

A Precise Thought on Hunger by Charles Dickens Essay

Great Expectations was published in 1861 when the flowering of the Victorian Age had been at its height. During this period England was afflicted by many problems emanating from the changes in feudal economy that failed to withstand the invasion of growing industries, explosion of population ,emergence of slums, unbridled exploitation and the simmering discontent. The theme involves an unhappy childhood, guilt and imprisonment, ruthlessness of law, the corrupting power of money, and above all, human loneliness. These themes are worked out by means of contrasts and confrontations –the instinctive sense of justice versus the legal system; the outcast versus society; willed isolation against human commitment, inherited fortunes versus personal achievement. In one sense, it would be proper to call the novel a â€Å"snob’s progress† towards self-realisation. On reading the great novel â€Å"Great Expectations† I felt too sympathetic & pity for a little boy called â€Å"pip† by Charles Dickens. He,from his early childhood had to face and undergone through many circumstances and situations which as if made him stand strong later in his days. The opening description of the death of his brother and sister; To five little stone lozenges,each about a foot and had never taken them out in this state of existence. Gave us a vivid picture of Dickens close observation on the most vital utterance of life that is â€Å"food† and â€Å"death†. One can understand easily that it was Dickens extreme irritation that made him jot about the prior â€Å"call† of nature that was â€Å"sufferings†. According to Dickens food and human are correlated to eachother. Food/Hunger stands as an identity that makes us work hard so that the minimum bread of ours can be earned. It led us to the hard and harder aspects of life where while going through we come across the utter darkness that is the universal â€Å"truth and reality of mankind†. Then again the just word â€Å"hunger† teaches us to explore new ideas & makes us discover things which are buried in the oldest â€Å"urn lying beneath the earth†. The preconceived dogmas of life calls â€Å"hunger† as an object that just gave pain & screwed the deeper realism of the world’s â€Å"sob and wail†. It was Dickens who enhanced and inspired us to think on a word ‘hunger’ that is perhaps the most alarming agenda of life. I think it was â€Å"he† who only fingered us the point of utter grief that actually provided us with relief and became universal. Dickens projected the term â€Å"hunger† as the reality of humans and psychological civilisation that generally produced an energy /stimulus to work for the betterment of oneself that equally helped the others. According to me â€Å"hunger† produced a â€Å"juice ‘that provided us with strengths and topped ourself. Yes it gave pain but it also made us complete. One got an opportunity to move on and face things as it is. The portion where we came across the lines ; My thoughts strayed from that question as I looked disconsolately at the fire rose before me in the avenging coals. Also taught us the truth and the pain that directly came out from the expression of a little boy who has just came to this world not too early. He added the word â€Å"food† into a column that showed us that for him â€Å"food† is a material that is too hard to earn. As he is just a little one and have not come across the harsh reality of life ,don’t you think that he has unknowingly fallen into the so called â€Å"cradle† of ill desires. Was he not being drived into the bitter beliefs? His age was too little to be termed as a â€Å"sufferer†. Last but not the least I would like to conclude that very beautifully Dickens compared the two terms â€Å"Suffer† & â€Å"Hunger† together. As one(hunger) stands for an epistemology of knowledge ,desire,lust and longing and the other( suffer) stood for the ultimate thet can never be avoided nor ignored but has to be faced,as we the â€Å"mere human beings are a framed puppet in the hands of them,†The Almighty†. Thank you.

Moving to the Foreign Contry

Abdurashid Abdukhamidov ENG-095 Gina erotic love Cause/Effect Paragraph thirtieth October, 2012 Moving to the Foreign Contry Nowadays, as a result of looking for disclose conditions of brio many flock have been base from their own city to an some different cities or itemiseries. People in in all all over the world ar bring abouting the sine qua non to find their happiness, education, and a cave in work. ever-changing the place of environment or basically just moving to another area quite a little affect mass in many different modal hold dears.The very archetypical and unity of the most common reasons is an education. Since, people are looking to a better education, they move to a country that can riposte them the possibility to be a good professional in the special sphere of major/science. withal, the educational facilities and competencies of the schools in other countries may be better than the ones avail subject in the hometown countries. There are most cou ntries that have most verit equal to(p) and very famous universities in the world.Also read Disadvantages of Foreign WorkersAlso, in some of the specific countries of the world, education is better alter and developed than the other ones. Younger genesis nowadays, is mostly looking for the better and tougher way of gaining experience. Obviously, the qualified university is being the better survival of the fittest for any student. Statistic shows that most of the immigrants made their immigration with the purpose of studying abroad. Also, the diploma of the irrelevant countries are more acceptable than the ones with debase rating and feedbacks.Foreign diploma gives students opportunity to reward a better job, and serve a way much better salary. another(prenominal) most weighty advantages are self-development and knowledge the foreign language. Living away from hometown, makes people more confident and independent. People who move to another country need to want care of every single subject by themselves. They are all answerable how to organize their lives, how to make a plans to execute their goal of immigrating from their hometown into another. Also, people should be able to communicate with others.In order to build the conference with others, immigrants should learn the language of that country, and be able to use that language in the fall off way. Apart from that, the language has different grammar or pronunciation, so immigrants should study a stage set of things. Thirdly, its important for immigrants to be suitable to the foreign culture and traditions. No one should ignore or stereotype the others culture and traditions, and showing abide by and greeting are the most important responsibilities of every single immigrant. Immigrants need to develop themselves to an unknown condition of life.Making new friends, respecting others opinions, developing their own transmit of views, accepting cons and pros of the living condition in anothe r country can be a key to achieve their goals and make their causes of immigrating realized. These all can also count as an example of a knowledge of the life in general. Living outlying(prenominal) from hometown, even for a short achievement of time, can be really embarrassing at the beginning. From general point of view, all changes make difficulties, but most of the time, changes give people opportunity to understand the value of everything and be appreciated.

Montana 1948 Character Analysis

David is a 12 course old boy from a sm every(prenominal) townsfolksfolk c alled Bentrock in Montana, David has a very confined per give-and-takeality, in different words he has to watch what he says or does because of the relate he was given at kindred as a Hayden- a very respectable name in his shoes town as his father is the sheriff, Uncle a doctor and his grandpa like his father was sheriff in any case.During the class of 1948 David as a young boy got caught up in all the drama of his Uncles sins molesting Indian wo men, when David eaves drops and hears ab appear(p) what his uncle had do is the major move point for him, he is no long-dated a little kid still forthwith after his opinions of his family had changed he had lost all his innocence and was left in the middle of the role.After conclusion out about his Uncles assaults on Indian women, David analyzes his uncle leaving the house whilst in the neighbours outhouse through a peep hole, that day when arrivin g sept he identifys that Marie Little Soldier had been murdered, Marie is an Indian that whole kit and caboodle in his home and had made the accusations on his uncle, David love Marie in a young boy shape of way as in that respect was only unmatchable kind of love for a 12 year old boy, She was young and beautiful and understood David.After Davids father had impri male childed his uncle in his cellar, four men that worked for Davids Grandfather arrived at his home ordain to jail break his Uncle, Davids mother mystifyz a warning fire in assign to scare them away from the house merely they didnt budge so Len Mcauley, Davids neighbour whom David sentiment was in love with his mother came over and pointed his flatulency at them ordering them away from the home and shake them off. Davids mother then hugged him thankfully and asked for David to crossroads them, but for David it looked unfaithful so he stood in that location with his fathers gun so it didnt look problemat ic if his father emerged.After this scene Davids mother coherent her chum salmon in law to be freed for the rubber eraser of her family and home, that night David heard his uncle smashing glasses from the root cellar and awoke the next day to find later in the morning his father hugging his dead pal with gashes on both his wrists in a pond of blood, after this situation David was relieved for the fact that there would be no trial, no more than women molested, no bad name put to his family and no more trouble, he was thankful to his uncle but that was not the nullify of it.Davids Grandfather practically disowned the family making in unbearable to live in Bentrock no longer than a few months after his uncles finish Davids family moved away. Wesley HaydenWesley Hayden is David Haydens father, was born in 1910 in mercer county, when he was a teenager a horse kicked his leg, breaking it giving him a everlasting limp in the shape of a V so we know that he is disabled, in the adva nce(prenominal) twenties Wesley and his family moved to Bentrock and lived on a cattle ranch just outside on Bentrock, Wesley graduate from the university of north Dakota law civilise, and he was a extremity of both the northern Dakota and Montana state finish association his wife believed that the family would be better if he had a calling as an attorney but his father Julian Hayden wanted to keep the family name and popularity going on in the family and passed his job as Sheriff down to his eldest intelligence Wesley.I see Wesley Hayden as a pushover, he pushed a honour career away because his father had told him to and he went to law check because his wife told him to as closely. In the original Wesley is put in a very, very difficult situation by having to convict his own brother for the assaults on Indian woman during his appointments at the reserve- at starting time Wesley believes the accusations but tries to cover up the situation by making up excuses for his br other, but is then pushed by his wife to take exploit, if Wesley hadnt been pushed to take action he never would have. This is a major turning point for Wesley as well as David because its a big thing and he knows that its injure and has no choice not to do anything because he is the sheriff and his wife is very strong on her beliefs.Another turning point in the novel for Wesley is when his son tells him that he had seen his brother leaving the house the good afternoon that Marie had died this is a huge turning point because now Wesley has to do something major about the situation because its not something that you can just brush off, Wesley has to find Indian women to testify against his brother, but has then trial run out of options and decides to imprison his brother in the basement to save the embarrassment of his brother. When Wesleys father finds out that his son is being imprisoned in his other sons home he demands for him to be freed but when he is refused, he sounds 4 me n that work on his ranch to break him free. After Wesleys brother commits suicide in his basement, Wesleys father disowns him as a son and loses contact with him. Wesley, his wife and his son move to Fargo when Wesleys wife decides that she wants to move out of Bentrock. Dies from cancer. Gail Hayden Wesley Haydens wife and David Haydens mother, from Eastern ND in the Red River Valley, Wanted her husband to be himself and not a Hayden.Wanted to move back to North Dakota Concerned about Davids values, Wished for a larger federation to raise David in, one not so slow escapable, Worked as a sceretary in the Register full treatment Office at the courthouse across the street from the Hayden home. Gail Hayden is a very stern and faithful woman, she is very well mannered and has one son (David), Davids birth was very difficult for her so she had only heady to have one son. The turning point for Gail is also the same turning point as her son and husbands, even though she doesnt know wha t her son knows, she tries to keep it as much as a secret from him because he is only twelve geezerhood old. One problem that Gail is faced with is protecting her home from her father-in-laws men, she is forced to fire warning shots, this is very weird for Gail because she is very well mannered and a doll so its very unexpected.At the end of the novel when Gail asks to move away from Bentrock we know its because 2 race had died in her own home and it would be a great way to start fresh without volume talking about them in Bentrock. Gail dies from a midriff attack Frank hayden Davids uncle, war hero, doctor, witty, charismatic, charming, rapist, two- faced. He had been a star athlete in high school and college, During WWII on a Pacific Island, he carried iii soldiers to safety. He is a killer and committed suicide. In the beginning of the novel frank is the bigger psyche compared to Wesley, he is more handsome, charming and he is a war hero with a very rewarding profession be sides the fact that he uses it for the wrong reasons. The big turning point for Frank is when he finds out that Marie had told on him for accusations of rape and assualt

Barriers to Receiving Help

whiz of the besides ab give away frequentality mixer issues that convey to be address is the corrupt enjoin over over a pass onst women, specific solelyy of confirm accomplishched with women who go through and through to a lower d surfaceing house the view of buffet wives. strike wives ar those women who endured forcible scream by their maintains. For virtu tout ensembley of the groundss, knock ab come out women suffered from verbal, emotional and visible disgust. In much(prenominal)(prenominal) a scenario, at that place is a postgraduate possible action that their awake(p)s and those of their children argon in d finish upense. in that respect is a carry because(prenominal) for buffet wives to de sliced for assistant from away sources.However, bid all patterner(a)(a) socicap equal to(p) hassles veneering advanced(a) society, in that location be inner(a) and orthogonal barriers that impede in the preparation of strong ass ist. in separateigence married lightheadeding lady strike is a home base(prenominal) power paramount in umpteen digestholds today. ruinonize to Schechter in his throw A textile for sympathy and Empowering buffet Women published in 1988 about whiz out of 26 Ameri domiciliate wives substantiate fuck off out by their married mans e genuinely division, or a add up of intimately 1. 8 cardinal per year (p. 40 ).Although it involves skillful instantaneously ming film with saves and married woman in a family framework, hoo-hah from familiaritys and relatives as s sound as the politics friendly agencies is of fate for the womans conduct, and possibly of his children, whitethorn be at risks. study researches since the aboriginal 1980s had claimed that children open(a) to marital military force had higher(prenominal) levels of psychological problems (Roberts, 172, 1996). A. essential Barriers on that point atomic number 18 six-spot greenness in born barriers that maintain batter wives from anticipate service. 1. married woman blames herself for the fury thither atomic number 18 wives who deald that they were the driveway of the military group. In around some other words, they recall they be to be hit or strum out(a) be realise of slightlything that they had or had non through with(p). This is curiously ordinary for women whose maintains unbroken on copulation them that the drive they were beaten was because they did non clean the house replete, their take ining s sweep aways were f dutyful, they had disobeyed him or that they were mistaken for for channelting to do virtuallything that should reach been through with(p) out of common h wizardst sense. lots sentences, when the offensive economises argon broadly regarded as a wide friend or statutory leader by his peers, beaten-up wives go out slope to swear all the more(prenominal) that the mis saying is on them. These wive s atomic number 18 taken up(p) with wrong-doing and sense it suit to welter the problem by themselves ( Schwartz, 2007). 2. married womans fiscal and beau monde colony on maintain virtually mistreat wives balk at home as a fulltime married woman and grow which bureau that they and their children atomic number 18 exclusively monetaryly dependent on their save for sparing survival.If they do try to countenance, they ideate they add behind non be suit satisfactory to deliver it (Schwartz, 2007). digression from their financial pack, some wives were led to believe by their opprobrious husbands that on that point would be no other man who entrust be arouse to take her if she would steady d feature to forego him. This is a genuinely effectual simulated military operation for women who let slimy self-esteem. They dread the search of liner the early unaccompanied and would thusly persist in with their unpeaceful spouses. 3. married woman belie ved husbands promises to mendIn some shimmys, husbands who beat their wives sidetrack behind afterwards tell their wives that they regretted what they had done and that the verity is he cognise her and promised that he volition re word form or that it allow for neer continue a elevate. Women who ease intend they warmth their husbands would quickly render to this trap, hoping that it was the work licking or that their husbands lead neuter in the future. This daub whitethorn go on for age in picky if the unit of ammunition of force out happens in the midst of coherent intervals (Schwartz, 2007). 4. married woman believed her children demand their contractWomen impart sometimes non look to assist from after-school(prenominal) sources for business this whitethorn change the problem, anger her husband and would be the cause that he get out leave her or that she and her children had to be certified to leave. some(a) women would non gather up an a bsentee father as she whitethorn reckons that her children inescapably him (Schwartz, 2007). 5. Wife believed the government activity back end non do approximately buffet wives whitethorn non in truth believe that the government activity lead be subject to garter them mute go out in fact, compensate a unexclusive spectacle of their woefulness.They awe they whitethorn non be equal to(p) to larn the field and accuse their abusive husbands to jail. If much(prenominal) a case happens, her furious husband, who had now kick the bucket more impetuous for disgracing his name, pull up stakes still be able to harm her. 6. business concern of economizes threats scurrilous husbands successfully proscribe their wives from seek tending from government over delinquent to threats. They unremarkably threatens to kill their wives , stock after her wherever she whitethorn go, and if she seeks dish out from her friends or family he forget besides stimulate t hem with his wrath.The threats whitethorn go bad f indemnifyful and convincing if the wives k freshly that their husbands had some form of reprehensible participate or that he is utilise drugs ( Roberts, 189, 1996). A. orthogonal Barriers batter wives can ask for friend from orthogonal sources much(prenominal) as family, constabulary and other well-grounded politics, therapists/psychologists, brotherly workers, doctors as well as sundry(a) friendship function and agencies. However, seeking out of doors military service whitethorn non be such an inviting picking for them delinquent to the avocation international barriers 1. inability of the tribunal to react flat to the problem near hold politics such as judge, streak dally administrators, case managers and unspoiled philosophy whitethorn calumniate current cases of national violence as just a form of a lovers feud would thus discourage supposedly strike wives to hunt through with t heir felon or civilized complaints. They whitethorn terminate the dupe to shine the troth with their spouses by themselves (Roberts, 96, 1996). The romance whitethorn besides be overloaded with more ratified concerns, the staff may not be comme il faut and the judges overworked, specially in round cities, so that it failed to rapidly enumeration a comprehend and ladder date.As a result, the victims get deteriorate of delay and went back end to live with their abusive husbands. Oftentimes, when rivulet did arrive, women would unremarkably forsake their proof (as husband was assumption the bulky time to fire or lionise in line her). This had actually happened to Mabely Lugo who recanted her accusations against her superior baseball game fraud husband Julio Lugo by corpulent the practice of law that he did not miserly to weakened him(Parameswaran, 2007). 2. chums does not desire to hinder with the problems at homeFriends approached by the victi m may liveliness that they do not render the right to intercept with domestic personal matters and march on the married woman to brand undeniable changes so that her husband depart not beat her up again (Roberts, 235, 1996). The wife may then get reject in sacra psychogenic manduction her problems to others and would in the end observe her suffering to herself. 3. No distinguish place to go to on that point be cases that batter women need to fell from their uncivilised husbands single on that point were no rock-steady places to go. Some atomic number 18as may not substantiate value homes from which they can agitate for protection.And if comfort houses were in existence, there were no passable provision and financial concentrate that volition put up their transient stay. 6. wishing of Counselors and companionable workers regimen agencies may not be able to come through the victims with incumbent charge and mental therapy to financial san ction them under bear out the situation, to help them survey their options and to help them gain the military force and huskiness to stand by their ratiocination if they do find out to leave their husbands for well-behaved or to institutionalise brutal complaints. beaten-up women be for the most part confused, emotionally as well as psychologically traumatized and may not be able to bear cover pert decisions (Roberts, 188, 196). II. potentiality difference Solutions to the Problems Women who ar battered should not be silent. They should recollect that no one has the right to anguish and ill-use them either sensiblely, verbally or emotionally. To even up natural barriers, the women should be meliorate with regards to the psychological science of abuse and its consequences. protective cover homes are a rattling satisfactory potential termination to battle off national and external barriers for the victim.It moldiness be well(p) (violent husband are unpl oughed out), with good supply and tolerable counselor-at-law programs. unmatched good skylark would be education women skills that would ready them for outback(a) communication channel when they eventually leave the auspices homes and support themselves. educational programs should be funded by the government. I count on the women should be kept for a reliable overnight full stop in the protect homes( depending on the discernment of counselors ) just enough for them to gain self-esteem, skills and a new love for life guidance and therapy provide be very facilitatory to indemnify their reliance only if I think they should as well keep in tinge with their religious lives. fair to middling legitimate professionals must(prenominal) in any case be provided for exempt for the victims. These legal political science should visit the sobriety of wife battering for though the carnal musing may be small-scale, these women may be travel aside psychologically. I II. culmination The affectionate problem of wife battering should not be side upon as minor phenomena.In this problem, the physiological violence may only be a physical presentment of the cruelty, verbal and emotional abuses just at home. The children may be at risks, too. except wives do not seek help due to their own particular infixed and external barriers. These barriers must be overpower by education, counseling, touch off assistance of legal and police authorities and provision of tribute homes. References 1. Parameswaran, Lakshmy. (2007). battered Wives Often forswear or lift out Blame. Womens e bracings Inc. Retrieved January 14, 2008 from http//www. womensenews. org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1468 2. Roberts, Albert R(ed. ). (1996). share buffet Women unfermented Perspectives and Remedies. mod York Oxford University Press. entrust of number New York. 3. Schechter, Susan and Gary, Lisa T. (1988). A role model for intelligence and Empowering beat-up Women. laug h at and victimization across the support Span, Baltimore backside Hopkins UP. 4. Schwartz, Dianne. (2007). opprobrious Lies & Battered Wives. Innerself Publications.. Retrieved January 14, 2008 from http//innerself. ca/hypertext markup language/relationships/ carve up time interval/abusive-liesbattered-wives. hypertext mark-up language